happy monday bellwork: in 30 words, describe the structure of dna (what is it made of). if possible,...

HAPPY MONDAY

Bellwork: In 30 words, describe the structure of DNA (what is it made of). If possible, describe

what it does and how it does it. *use your biomolecule chart?*

DNA & Replication NotecardsPre-AP Biology

Due Tuesday (10/14/14)

Essential Question: What are the components of DNA?

A lesson from Jurassic Park...

The nucleic acids we’ll talk about in biology are DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid = DNA

DNA is the biomolecule used to pass on genetic information to the next

generation.

So…your DNA is half mom, half dad!

Oswald Avery discovered that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits the genetic

information from one generation to the next.

DNA is a long molecule made up of nucleotides.

Each nucleotide is composed of a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous

base.

The monomer of DNA is called a nucleotide, which has:

1. 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)2. phosphate group3. nitrogenous base.

This means that the elements in a nucleic acid are: C, H, O, N, and P

Phosphate Group = has phosphorus = PNitrogenous Base = has nitrogen = N

DRAW AND LABEL

There are 4 kinds of nitrogenous bases in DNA.Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, & Thymine

The backbone of a DNA chain is formed from the

sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide.Nucleotides can be joined

together in any order.

The observation that [A] = [T] and [G] = [C] became known as Chargaff’s rule.

In a strand of DNA, adenine and thymine pair together while cytosine and guanine pair together.

This pairing of bases is known as base pairing.

The differently shaped bases are bonded together antiparallel to one another

(5’3’)

Sage and Scribe

Can you draw a picture of DNA using 6 nucleotides?

Watson and Crick discovered the true

shape of DNA.

The shape of DNA is a double helix.

A double helix looks like a twisted

ladder or a spiral staircase.

DNA molecules in prokaryotic organisms are found in the cytoplasm.

The DNA molecule in a prokaryotic organism is circular in shape.

Eukaryotic organisms possess 1000X more

DNA than prokaryotic organisms.

Eukaryotic DNA is generally located in the nucleus in the form of

chromosomes.

All eukaryotic organisms do not carry the same

number of chromosomes.

Chromosomes are not clearly visible during most of the cell cycle. When the DNA is “unraveled” and

doing its job, it is known as chromatin.However, during mitosis (M phase), the chromatin

coils and condenses to form chromosomes.

Important to Remember:

All living things have DNA!

Scientists refer to this as a “common genetic

code”

The sequence of bases matters! The order

determines the organism.

Think-Pair-Share: How do you think DNA copies itself?