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© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
SMPTE Technology Essentials Series WebcastSMPTE – Enabling Global Education
HDR, 4K, and BeyondMolly Hill, Applications Engineer, Dolby Laboratories
Your Host
Joel E. Welch
Director of EducationSMPTE
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
SMPTE Technology Webcasts
• Series of monthly 60- to 90-minute online, interactive webcasts covering a variety of technical topics
• Free professional development benefit for SMPTE members
• Sessions are recorded for member viewing convenience.
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Housekeeping
• Please indicate you want to ask oral question by indicating such in the chat box
• If you do not have a microphone, please submit your questions via text
• SMPTE provides a PDF of select slides used during webcasts in exchange for your feedback
• Once your feedback is submitted, you will automatically be redirected to the PDF for downloading
• Please feel free to post or blog about today’s webcast on your social media platform of choice
@smpteconnect
#SMPTEWebcast
#EnablingGlobalEducation
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Views and opinions expressed during this SMPTE Webcast are those of the presenter(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of SMPTE or SMPTE Members.
This webcast is presented for informational purposes only. Any reference to specific companies, products or services does not represent promotion, recommendation, or endorsement by SMPTE
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
About Me
• Dolby Laboratories• Global Home Content Production
• Professional Applications Engineering
• Rochester Institute of Technology ’18• BS Motion Picture Science
• BFA Film and Animation (Live Action Focus)
• Theses on Color Grading and HDR Tone Mapping
• Internship Experience
6© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Alphabet Soup of Filmmaking
7© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Basic Terms
• High Resolution• Number of pixels in an image
• Wide Color Gamut• Wider-than-standard range of colors available
• High Dynamic Range• Higher contrast images either for capture or display
8© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Independent Variables
Color Space Color Gamut White Point Resolution EOTF Bit depth Metadata
RGB BT. 709 D55 360p Linear 8 bit None
Y’CbCr P3 D60 HD Log 12 bit HDR 10/10+
XYZ BT. 2020 D65 4K PQ 16 bit Dolby Vision
9© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Wide Color Gamut
10© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
• Gamut definitions
• Artistic implications
• Pairing with HDR
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Wide Color Gamut
11© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Wide Color Gamut
• P3 vs 2020• Cinema vs TV availability
• Standards – BT. 2020 and BT. 2100
• “P3 in a Rec 2020 container”• Future-proofs content
• 2020 clamped to P3 container
12© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
High Resolution
13© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
4K, 8K, 12K, oh my
• Cinema 4K vs TV 4K
• Bigger rather than better images
• What you need• Storage
• Processing power
• Proxies
• Infrastructure
• Is it worth it? Cinema vs home
14© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
8K+ - Is it worth it?
15© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
High Dynamic Range (HDR)
16© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
High Dynamic Range (HDR)
• HDR• Better rather than
bigger images
• Min and max
• EOTF
• Bit depth
• SDR
• BT. 2100
17© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
High Dynamic Range (HDR)
18© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Perceptual Quantizer (PQ)
• Science time!
• SMPTE ST. 2084
• Barten curve
• More efficient use of bits
• Proposed by Dolby
19© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Nits PQ
0.0001 0.00166719
0.005 0.0150764
100 0.508078
600 0.696294
1000 0.751827
2000 0.827425
4000 0.902572
Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG)
• Designed for broadcast
• Proposed by BBC/NHK
• Backwards-compatible signal
20© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Considerations for Production+
• Shooting concerns
• Production Gap
• Other gaps• Dailies
• Editing
• VFX
• Planning for display
21© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Displays
Peak Brightness
• Cinema – 48 - 108 nits
• TV’s – up to 600-700 nits
Minimum
• X300 down to 0.005
• Theoretically 0 but light pollution present
22© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Considerations for Grading
• Balance between realism and story
• Diffuse white point
• VFX matte errors
• Unforgiving precision
• HDR-SDR side-by-side
23© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
PC: Sean Scannell
Considerations for Workflow (cont’d)
• Bit depth
• Storage
• Monitors
24© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Considerations for Workflow (cont’d)
25© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Considerations for Workflow (cont’d)
• Systems
• Distribution• HEVC
• Workflow Options
26© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Considerations for Workflow (con’td)
27© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Grading Workflow Options
• HDR first• SDR can be derived
• SDR first• Limited mapping to HDR
• Grading both• Expensive and
time consuming!
28© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Tone Mapping
29© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
• Recommended workflow
• Luminance AND color
• Lots of options• Dolby Vision• HDR 10/10+• Technicolor ITM• Colorfront Engine• AJA FS-HDR• b<>com• 3D-LUTs
• SDR to HDR?
HDR10
• What it is• Open standard
• Rec 2020
• 10 bit, PQ
• Static metadata• SMPTE ST. 2086
• MaxFALL
• MaxCLL
30© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
PC: John Hill
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
HDR 10+
• Dynamic metadata
• SMPTE 2094-40
• Accessibility• Royalty free
• Certification Program
• Proponents• HDR10+ Alliance
• Amazon Video
• UHD Bluray
• Warner Bros/Universal
31© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
HDR 10+ Metadata Set
• Time Intervals
• Processing Window
• Targeted System Display
• Color Transform• Maximum Scene Color Component Levels (Max SCL)• Average Max RGB• Distribution Max RGB• Fraction Bright Pixels• Optional:
• Mastering Display Actual Peak Luminance
• Bezier Curve Tone Mapper
• Color Saturation Weight
32© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
HDR 10/10+ Consumer Devices
33© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Dolby Vision Overview
34© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Dolby Vision Overview
• SMPTE 2086 and 2094-10
• PQ, 12 bit, P3 or BT 2020
• Dynamic metadata• Shot-based or frame-based
• Live available as well
• Proprietary technology
• Going beyond RGB
35© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Dolby Vision Overview
36© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Dolby Vision Metadata Levels
• Level 0 – General Information• Mastering Display, Color Encoding, Custom display info (4.0 only), etc.
• Level 1 – Analysis – mid, min, and max
• Level 2 – Trims:• Lift, Gamma, Gain
• Chroma Weight, Saturation, Tone Detail
• Level 3 – Offset for 4.0
• Level 5 – Per-shot Letterbox
• Level 8 – CM v.4.0 trims
• Level 9 – Color Encoding (4.0 only)
37© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
Dolby Vision Content Mapping Unit
38© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
External CMU (eCMU) Internal CMU (iCMU)
Requires purchase of separate hardware box Integrated into post-production software
Always requires a Dolby license Only trims require a Dolby license
Switch between SDI output and HDMI tunneling Mostly SDI only, some HDMI tunneling
Currently 2.9 only 2.9 and 4.0
Broader range of software Limited range of software
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Dolby Vision CM Algorithm Versions
39© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
2.9 4.0
Basic analysis and mapping algorithm More advanced analysis and mapping
HDMI tunneling and eCMU support No HDMI tunneling or eCMU support yet
6 basic trims 6 basic trims plus two bonus sets of six-vector trims (hue and saturation), and global offset
Broader range of software Limited range of software
No custom display support Custom display support
Not forwards compatible Backwards compatible
Dolby Vision Deliverables
40© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Dolby Vision Accessibility
• Software requires certification
• Licensing process
• Systems available
• Users don’t need certification
• Various encoding profiles
41© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
HDR Availability
42© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
HDR Availability
43© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
HDR Availability
44© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
HDR Availability
45© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE Technology Essentials Webcast SeriesSMPTE – Enabling Global Education
Thank you for watching!
46© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE®
Enabling Global Education
Questions
• Molly Hill
47© 2019 • SMPTE® | Enabling Global Education • www.smpte.org
SMPTE Technology Essentials Series WebcastSMPTE – Enabling Global Education
HDR, 4K, and BeyondMolly Hill, Applications Engineer, Dolby Laboratories
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