head face & brain injuries

Head Face & Brain Head Face & Brain InjuriesInjuries

Head InjuresHead Injures Head injury-damage to the scalp, Head injury-damage to the scalp,

skull or brain due to a blowskull or brain due to a blow Two parts of the headTwo parts of the head

Face- eyes, ears, nose and jawFace- eyes, ears, nose and jaw Cranium- brain and spinal cordCranium- brain and spinal cord

Face BonesFace Bones There are 9 facial There are 9 facial

bonesbones

Cranial bonesCranial bones There are 6 bones There are 6 bones

that make up the that make up the craniumcranium

The eyeThe eye Sclera-white of Sclera-white of

eyeeye Cornea-circular Cornea-circular

clear area over clear area over sclerasclera

Pupil-opening in Pupil-opening in iris that permits iris that permits passage of lightpassage of light

Lens-crystalline Lens-crystalline structure behind structure behind iris and pupiliris and pupil

Eye injuriesEye injuries Corneal abrasion- a scratch or small Corneal abrasion- a scratch or small

cut of the cornea of the eyecut of the cornea of the eye TreatmentTreatment

Wash eye with eye washWash eye with eye wash Close eye and let natural lubricants Close eye and let natural lubricants

wash itwash it Cover and send to Dr.Cover and send to Dr.

Eye injuriesEye injuries Contusion to the Contusion to the

orbitorbit Black eye is a minor Black eye is a minor

injury injury Swelling and Swelling and

bruising may occurbruising may occur

Eye injuriesEye injuries Orbital blow out Fracture- fracture Orbital blow out Fracture- fracture

to the bones of the eye socket.to the bones of the eye socket. Blow is due to something larger than Blow is due to something larger than

the eye socket. the eye socket. Swelling, tenderness and double vision Swelling, tenderness and double vision

(diplopia) may occur.(diplopia) may occur. Pain with eye movementPain with eye movement may occur.may occur.

Eye InjuriesEye Injuries Conjunctivitis- also known as pink Conjunctivitis- also known as pink

eyeeye Inflammation of the conjunctiva which Inflammation of the conjunctiva which

is outer later of eye over sclera.is outer later of eye over sclera. Three types viral allergic and bacterialThree types viral allergic and bacterial Itchy eyes that feel like sand is in them Itchy eyes that feel like sand is in them

and redness. Discharge occurs after 2-3 and redness. Discharge occurs after 2-3 daysdays

Medical treatment is necessaryMedical treatment is necessary

The EarThe Ear Ear is the organ of hearing and Ear is the organ of hearing and

balancebalance Three parts to the ear outer, middle and Three parts to the ear outer, middle and

inner.inner.

Middle earMiddle ear Ossicles are the bones in the middle Ossicles are the bones in the middle

ear that conduct sound to the inner ear that conduct sound to the inner ear.ear. Malleus-hammerMalleus-hammer Incus- anvilIncus- anvil Stapes- stirrupStapes- stirrup

Ear injuriesEar injuries Cauliflower ear- Blood clot collects Cauliflower ear- Blood clot collects

between the outer cartilage and the between the outer cartilage and the skin.skin.

Typical in wrestlers and boxers who Typical in wrestlers and boxers who get repeated trauma to ear.get repeated trauma to ear.

Treat with drainage andTreat with drainage and compression of cartilage compression of cartilage

skin.skin.

Ear injuriesEar injuries Swimmer’s ear-infection of skin Swimmer’s ear-infection of skin

covering the outer ear canal, covering the outer ear canal, bacterial infection.bacterial infection.

Signs of infection may include itchy Signs of infection may include itchy ear, swelling in canal and face as ear, swelling in canal and face as well as pain with movement.well as pain with movement.

Ear plugs while swimming should Ear plugs while swimming should solve the problem.solve the problem.

Ear InjuriesEar Injuries Eardrum Rupture- Tympanic Eardrum Rupture- Tympanic

membrane rupture caused by a blow membrane rupture caused by a blow to the head or build up of fluid in to the head or build up of fluid in middle ear.middle ear.

Pain and drainage occurPain and drainage occur Antibiotics for infection, Antibiotics for infection, otherwise the eardrum heals otherwise the eardrum heals on its own in 1-2 weekson its own in 1-2 weeks

The noseThe nose The nose is composed of bone, The nose is composed of bone,

cartilage and skincartilage and skin Smell accounts for 90% of what we Smell accounts for 90% of what we

tastetaste

Nose InjuriesNose Injuries Epistaxis- nose bleedEpistaxis- nose bleed Anterior nose bleed is due to Anterior nose bleed is due to

dryness or traumadryness or trauma TreatmentTreatment

Squeeze nose at soft point while leaning Squeeze nose at soft point while leaning forwardforward

Ice if bleeding is slow to stopIce if bleeding is slow to stop

Nose InjuriesNose Injuries Nasal Fracture- nasal bone fracture Nasal Fracture- nasal bone fracture

can result in deformity, swelling or can result in deformity, swelling or laceration.laceration.

Ice and referral to physician are Ice and referral to physician are needed.needed.

Mouth and JawMouth and Jaw Mouth is composed of tongue, teeth, Mouth is composed of tongue, teeth,

lips and cheekslips and cheeks Jaw is composed of maxilla, Jaw is composed of maxilla,

mandible and temporalmandibular mandible and temporalmandibular joint (TMJ). joint (TMJ).

Jaw FractureJaw Fracture Mandible fracture is usually due to Mandible fracture is usually due to

trauma of some kind.trauma of some kind. 50% of the time there is fx at site of 50% of the time there is fx at site of

blow as well as near one of the condyles.blow as well as near one of the condyles. Sx include deformity Sx include deformity pain and numbnesspain and numbness Treatment may includeTreatment may include a wired jawa wired jaw

Temporomandibular Temporomandibular Joint InjuryJoint Injury

TMJ is the joint that TMJ is the joint that allows the mouth to allows the mouth to open and close.open and close.

Injury can be due to Injury can be due to direct trauma, direct trauma, muscle or postural muscle or postural imbalance.imbalance.

Temporomandibular Temporomandibular Joint InjuryJoint Injury

The TMJ can be dislocated or sprained. The TMJ can be dislocated or sprained. This will result in tenderness, swelling, This will result in tenderness, swelling, popping and pain with use.popping and pain with use.

TMJ disfunction is another problem that TMJ disfunction is another problem that may occur. This pain may be in the TMJ may occur. This pain may be in the TMJ and also other regions of the head.and also other regions of the head.

TMJ disfunction can result from TMJ disfunction can result from microtauma like grinding or microtauma like grinding or macrotrauma like whiplash.macrotrauma like whiplash.

TeethTeeth 5 million teeth are knock out in 5 million teeth are knock out in

sports activities each year. Mouth sports activities each year. Mouth guards prevent thousands more from guards prevent thousands more from happening.happening.

Athletes will have loose, chipped or Athletes will have loose, chipped or knockout teeth.knockout teeth.

TeethTeeth Treatment for knock out Treatment for knock out

toothtooth If the tooth is still in at all If the tooth is still in at all

have the athlete push into have the athlete push into socket as much as possible socket as much as possible and go to dentist.and go to dentist.

If tooth is out place toothIf tooth is out place tooth in save-a-tooth solution, in save-a-tooth solution, whole milk or a moist whole milk or a moist sterile gauze and go to sterile gauze and go to dentist.dentist.

The HeadThe Head Frontal BoneFrontal Bone

Very strongVery strong Makes the foreheadMakes the forehead

The HeadThe Head Temporal BoneTemporal Bone

The headThe head Parietal Bone-largest bone of the Parietal Bone-largest bone of the

craniumcranium Sutures- immovable joints between Sutures- immovable joints between

each of the cranial boneseach of the cranial bones

The headThe head Occipital BoneOccipital Bone

Most posteriorMost posterior Spinal cord passes Spinal cord passes through it at thethrough it at the foramen magnumforamen magnum

The BrainThe Brain Brain consists of the cerebrum, Brain consists of the cerebrum,

cerebellum and the brainstemcerebellum and the brainstem

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain Brainstem- lowest Brainstem- lowest

part of the brain, part of the brain, junction box junction box between the upper between the upper brain and spinal brain and spinal cord. cord.

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain Cerebellum-the Cerebellum-the

part of the brain part of the brain that controls that controls muscular action muscular action and complex and complex actions.actions.

Latin for little Latin for little brainbrain

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain Cerebrum- the seat of higher Cerebrum- the seat of higher

thinking.thinking. Divided into 2 hemispheresDivided into 2 hemispheres 4 lobes4 lobes

Scalp injuriesScalp injuries The scalp is highly vascularized, and The scalp is highly vascularized, and

bleeds profusely.bleeds profusely. Bleeding between scalp and Bleeding between scalp and

underlying tissue will result in a underlying tissue will result in a hematoma.hematoma.

HemorrhageHemorrhage Subdural hematoma-bleeding Subdural hematoma-bleeding

between the brain and dura mater. between the brain and dura mater. It may be slow venous bleeding or It may be slow venous bleeding or rapid arterial.rapid arterial.

HemorrhageHemorrhage Epidural hematoma- bleeding Epidural hematoma- bleeding

between the skull and dura mater. between the skull and dura mater. Quick within minutes to hours.Quick within minutes to hours.

HemorrhageHemorrhage Intracranial hematoma- pooling of Intracranial hematoma- pooling of

blood due to damage of blood blood due to damage of blood vessels within the brain.vessels within the brain.