headquarters air mobility command enabling the global in global vigilance, reach and power!...
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Headquarters Air Mobility Command
Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Cornering 102
2Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
The information presented here is for informational use only
• Many references were used to develop this presentation
• Not all possibilities are covered
• Use the given information with proper respect to ORM
Note: Do Not Remove “For Official Use Only” From Any Slide
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLYNote: This Slide is Mandatory
3Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Human vision Vision in relation to operating a motorcycle
OVERVIEW
4Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Human vision is comprised of the light, eye, optic nerve, brain
• Distribution of any of these parts will cause a loss or distortion of vision
• Information is gained by reflection of light not absorbed by an object. Black absorbs all color White reflects all color Color vision is comprised
of red, green and blue primary colors in various shades
5Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Vitamin A
• Key for development of chemical retinal
• Lack of retinal will show as night blindness Light rays bend when traveling through a
convex/concave object
• Eye has many of these: The interface between the air and the front of the cornea The interface between the back of the cornea and the
aqueous humor The interface between the aqueous humor and the front of
the lens The interface between the back of the lens and the vitreous
humor
6Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Normal vision
• Image travels through cornea Reverses on back retina Cones and rods create
electric impulse Impulse travels through
optic nerve Brain receives image and
interpolates
• 20/20 Standardized acuity test 20/200 is legal cutoff for
blindness in U.S.
Non-normal
• Nearsightedness / farsightedness Image is not focused on
retina Cornea hard Eyeball distorted
• Astigmatism Uneven surface of cornea
• Aging Cornea becomes less
elastic Eventually becomes fixed
7Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Depth perception
• The image size a known object has on your retina. If you have knowledge of the size of an object from previous experience, then your brain can gauge the distance based on the size of the object on the retina.
8Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Moving parallax
• When you move your head from side to side, objects that are close to you move rapidly across your retina. However, objects that are far away move very little. In this way, your brain can tell roughly how far something is from you.
9Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Stereo vision
• Each eye receives a different image of an object on its retina because each eye is about 2 inches apart. This is especially true when an object is close to your eyes. This is less useful when objects are far away because the images on the retina become more identical the farther they are from your eyes.
10Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Blindness
• Less then 20/200 acuity with corrective lenses
• Possible causes Cataracts are a cloudiness in the lens that blocks light from
reaching the retina. Glaucoma is excess pressure built up in the eye. This
causes the cells and nerve fibers in the back of the eye to die.
Diabetic retinopathy affect persons with diabetes who can get blockages of blood vessels, leakage of blood vessels and scarring that can lead to blindness
Macular degeneration - In some persons, the macula (which is responsible for fine detail in the center of vision) can deteriorate with age for unknown reasons
11Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Direct trauma or chemical injuries can cause enough damage to the eyes to prevent adequate vision.
Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited disease that causes a degeneration of the retina and excess pigment. It first causes night blindness and then tunnel vision, which often gradually progresses to total blindness.
Trachoma is an infection caused by an organism called Chlamydia trachomatis. Common cause for blindness worldwide, rare in U.S.
There are many other causes of blindness, such as vitamin A deficiency, tumors, strokes, neurological diseases, other infections, hereditary diseases and toxins
12Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Central
• High concentration of cones in center of retina
• Focuses on object, visual acuity, color vision Peripheral
• High concentration of rods outside center of retina
• Primary source for balance, night vision Corrective lenses
• Prescription glasses
• Contact lenses
• Surgery options
13Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Review
Key points:
• Vision comprised of Light, eyeball, optic nerve, brain Cones and rods convert light energy into electrical
impulses sent to brain via optic nerve
• Central vision allows for acuity
• Peripheral vision give balance, situational awareness
14Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Look were you want to go
15Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Head
• Contains, eyes, optic nerve, brain
• Light may be distorted when traveling through visors, windshields, eyeglasses
• Point head in direction you want to travel
16Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Constant, fluid motion
• Look through corner
• Allow brain to analyze information outside central vision Test this theory:
Imagine traveling down this road
Focus on corner sign What did you see?
17Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
You almost had a Duck-strike!
18Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Lane position in respect to 1/3 rule
• Which offers better vision
• Which offers better vision through corner
• Which offers better visibility of yourself to other roadway users
19Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Hazard clues
• Light is reflected 90 degrees to the object If shiny, lots of molecules in same direction – smooth If dull, lots of molecules in different directions – texture
• Known roadway hazards Roadway markings (thermoplastic) Road reflectors (hard raised plastic) Rumble strips (designed to produce an audile cue) Oil, grease, diesel, gas, anti-freeze, water, mud, sand, dust,
etc. Banked corners may have dirt collection on inside of curve Gravel in corner from shoulders
20Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
Allow the mind to process information
• Focus on where your going
• Allow extraneous info to be processed and made aware of surroundings
• Remember what happened
• Predict in the future Practice on the following
photos (set for automatic advancement)
21Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
22Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
23Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Vision
24Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
Review
Key Points:
• Vision Constant fluid motion
Focus on central, where your going Allow peripheral to tell you where at, what’s around you
May be hindered by many factors
25Enabling the “Global” in “Global Vigilance, Reach and Power!”
REFERENCES
How to ride a Motorcycle
• Motorbooks Int’l; Pat Hahn, 2005 Sport Riding Techniques
• David Bull publishing; Nick Entsch, 2003 Proficient Motorcycling
• Bowtie Press; David Hough, 2000 Green Knights M/C Club, Hanscom Chapter
• http://greenknights5.com/; Gil Besana, President
Get the best from your bike, don’t let the bike get the best from you
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