heritage in the centre. cultural heritage in urban development in … · constitution of the slovak...

Heritage in the Centre.Cultural Heritage in Urban Development in Slovakia.

Tomáš Michalík

Trenčín museum in Trenčínwww.muzeumtn.sktomas.michalik@muzeumtn.sk

CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSULTING, Ltd.www.HeritageConsulting.skoffice@heritageconsulting.sk

Introduction into the legal system

Constitution of the Slovak Rep.

Laws

Orders

& Declaration of the National Council of the Slovak Republic

Lex generalisLex specialis

- Monuments Act- Museums Act- Cultural Objects Export and Import Act- Libraries Act- Archives Act

- Building Act- Landscape Protection Act- Offences Act- Penal Code- Administrative Procedure Act- ...

- enumerates parts of the cultural heritage

History of the Cultural Heritage Laws in Slovakia

1918

1945

1989

1993

1960

1919 – Ordination Nr. 155/1919 of the Ministry for Slovakia

1958 – Act Nr. 7/1958 Sb. on Cultural Monuments

Act Nr. 27/1987 Zb. on State Care of Monuments - 1987

Act Nr. 49/2002 Coll. on the Monuments and Heritage Sites Protection - 2002

1881 – Hungarian Act Nr. XXXIX/1881

State administration Act Nr. 49/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Monuments and Heritage Sites as amended

www.culture.gov.sk

www.pamiatky.sk

Advisory bodies:- Monuments Council,- Archaeological Council,- Licence Commission.

+ Monuments InspectionMinistry of Culture

Monuments Board

Regional Monuments Bord

Stron

gp

ositio

n&

com

peten

ces

Act Nr. 49/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Monuments and Heritage Sites as amendedObject of the protection

Individual protection Area protection

→ Monuments and Heritage Sites

National Cultural Monument(NCM)

- registered in the CentralRegister of the Monumentsand Heritage Sites

2017:~10.000 immovable NCM~15.000 movable NCM

Heritage Site

Heritage Reservation Heritage Zone

more NCM less NCM

more important less important

2017: 28 2017: 82

Town Heritage Reservation Historic Reservation of the Folk Architecture(18) (10)

Act Nr. 49/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Monuments and Heritage Sites as amendedObject of the protection

Individual protection

→ Monuments and Heritage Sites

National Cultural Monument(NCM)

Act Nr. 49/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Monuments and Heritage Sites as amendedObject of the protection

Area protection

→ Monuments and Heritage Sites

Heritage Site

National CulturalMonument

Heritage site border

Estate in theheritage site

Buffer zone border

Act Nr. 49/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Monuments and Heritage Sites as amendedIllegal activities

Offence (=misdemeanour) Crime

- less serious activities, lower damage - more serious activities, higher damage(lower threat of the public interest) (higher threat of the public interest)

- decisions by the state administration - decisions only by the court

- regulated in the special laws (Monuments - regulated only in the Criminal CodeAct, Museums Act, Libraries Act...)

- negligence - usually intention must be proven

- sanction: only financial fine - sanction: usually imprisonment

Act Nr. 49/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Monuments and Heritage Sites as amendedIllegal activities

Offence (=misdemeanour)

- less serious activities, lower damage(lower threat of the public interest)

- decisions by the state administration

- regulated in the special laws (MonumentsAct, Museums Act, Libraries Act...)

- negligence

- sanction: only financial fine

- Reconstruction of the NCM without the decision,

- Reconstruction of the building in the heritage site without the decision,

- Ignoration of the duty of the basic protection of NCM,

- Ignoration of notification duty,

- Illegal export of the NCM,

- Illegal research or excavations,...

: together 18 offences: sanction: up to 200.000 €

(but usually hundreds / thousands of €)

Criminal Code as amendedIllegal activities

Crime

- more serious activities, higher damage(higher threat of the public interest)

- decisions only by the court

- regulated only in the Criminal Code

- usually intention must be proven

- sanction: usually imprisonment

Since 2011:

2 new bodies of a crime:

- Damaging and Devaluation of Cultural Monument

(Art. 248a)

mainly: architectural heritage, but also archaeological

(immovable) monuments

- Falsification of Objects of Cultural Value

(Art. 249a)

mainly: movable archaeological finds

1 changed body of a crime:

- Damaging and Devaluation of Archaeological Heritage

(Art. 249)

archaeological heritage as a whole

Cases for discussion Trnava – Lower Gate

Regional MonumentsBoard:Conservative presentationof archaeological heritage

vs

Town Trnava:Vision of re-building of former gate (destroyed in half of the 19th century)

Cases for discussion Bardejov – post office

visualization

today

Planned massive building 10 metres from the border of historic reservation, supported by town Bardejov.

Competence of the Regional Monuments Board – rathertheoretical.

Cases for discussion Nitra castle – café Castellum.

Cases for discussion Bratislava castle

Presentation of the capital of local Celts vs Maria Theresa garden

vs

Cases for discussion Košice - citadella

Built after 1671, destroyed in the18th century

Presentation of the wall in front of local Aupark.

Declared NCM.

Cases for discussion Trenčín – relicts of walls (17th century)

2012

2017

Trenches were backfilled afterseveral years (they remainedopen since 2009 to 2013), verynear to historical centre.

Judicial case

Declared NCM.

Cases for discussion Žilina – old parish house, now: shopping mall Mirage

2008

2007

20082017

One of cases which served as argument for new criminal regulation.

Pro monumenta www.promonumenta.sk

Pro monumenta www.promonumenta.sk

Pro monumenta www.promonumenta.sk

Thank you for your attention and let me invite you to Trenčín.