history of computers computer technology introduction
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History of Computers
Computer Technology Introduction
History of Computers
• A computer is a machine that works with data or information in the form of numbers.
• From the beginning of time and throughout the years, people have been inventing many things that would help them count.
COMPUTERS
• Why do we use computers?
• Who uses computers?
ABACUS
• first form of a computer
• a counting and calculating device
• simple but powerful• invented by the
Chinese• uses beads in columns• still in use today
ABACUS
ABACUS
• Look at the picture of an Abacus.
• Notice that the beads are in columns.
• When you add and subtract, you may also put your numbers in columns.
Punched Card
• Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine
• Babbage also designed the Analytical Engine
• Both machines were to be powered by steam and punch cards to operate and turn gears
Charles Babbage
• tried to build a machine that would be able to do many of the things modern computers could do today
• he was never successful in completing his machines because the parts he needed to complete his work had yet to be invented
• he was a man before his time• he is well known as the “Father of Computers”
Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage
Even though Babbage could not make his computers work, he did establish the four functions of a computer that we use with all computers today.
Four Functions of the Computer
• Input• Processing • Output• Storage
InputExamples of input devices:
•Keyboard•Mouse•Scanner•Microphone•Digital Camera•Electronic Tablet•Digital Video Camera•PDA – Personal Digital Assistant
DATA
Data -- a collection of unorganized facts, which can include text, numbers, sounds
and images.
Data entered into a computer is called
INPUT.
PROCESSING
• The CPU -- Central Processing Unit is the “brain” of the computer.
• CPU processes the information or data.
OUTPUT
Examples of Output devices:
•Monitor•Printer•Speakers•Headphones
Output
• Output can be softcopy -- such as what appears on the monitor or what you hear through the headphones
• Output can be hardcopy (tangible) -- something you can touch.
STORAGEExamples of Storage devices:
•Diskette•Hard Drive•CD ROM•DVD•Flash Drive (Jump Drive)•Zip Drive•Tape Drive
DATA
The processed results are called OUTPUT.
Herman Hollerith
• invented the Tabulating Machine• was used successfully to speed up the work
involved in taking the government census• used punch cards to record and sort data or
information• began a company called the Computing-
Tabulating-Recording Company
Herman Hollerith
Hollerith’s company was later named
IBMInternational Business
Machines
ENIAC
• Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator
• first truly electronic-based computer
• used vacuum tubes• provided on/off switches• more than 18,000 switches• large system
John Mauchly with ENIAC
ENIAC
John Mauchly built the
ENIAC with J. Presper Eckert
Vacuum Tube
• used in the ENIAC
• was one of the most important technological developments in the history of computers
• looked like long light bulbs
Vacuum Tube
was an electronic device that controlled the flow
of electricity in the computer
TRANSISTORS
• Transistors -- in 1950’s transistors replaced the vacuum tubes to control the flow of electricity in computers. Transistors were considerably smaller in size and used less electricity.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
• Integrated Circuit or Chip -- In 1960’s the first integrated circuit was designed. It was the next great invention in the development of computers.
• This chip combines all the electronic parts a computer needs to run in one small place. It is about the size of your fingernail. A single chip contains circuits or pathways upon which electricity flows throughout the computer.
MICROPROCESSOR
• A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that not only contains electronic circuits but also memory storage for a computer.
• Microprocessors contain arithmetic, logic, and control units necessary for the operation of a computer. Aside from computers, microprocessors can also be found today in appliances and cameras.
For more information, click the link to visit http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm
This concludes our lesson on History of Computers
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