history of design

Victorian 1820-1850

Webster’s Dictionary Published

Napoleon Dies

Morse telegraph is used

Industrial Revolution

• Named after Queen Victoria crowned Queen of England in 1835

• Aesthetic response to the Industrial Revolution

Victorian

• Industrialization flourished

• Advertising boomed • Artists forced to become

machines• Printmaking from 1867

World’s Fair -Japanese• Middle class finally had

some money, but no aesthetic quality

• Disguising the industrialization

Victorian

• “Fluff”• Comfort comes from

clutter• Ornamentation• Function was not

predominate over ornamentation

• Disguise is the answer to all problems

Victorian Motifs

Voigt House

Arts and Crafts 1850-1910

13th Amendment to abolish slavery

World’s Fair introduces Japanese art to the West

Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone

Thomas Edison invents the electric light

George Eastman perfects his Kodak box camera

Eiffel tower completed for Paris Exhibition

Henry Ford builds first automobile

• A return to beauty based on form and not on ornamentation

• Artists reestablished aesthetic understanding

• Ornamentation was secondary to beauty of the form itself

• Art should not be separated from everyday life

• Workshops and guilds established again to teach traditional methods as in medieval times.

Arts and Crafts

• Simplicity of form• Honest use of

materials• Fighting “ugliness”• Modern printing

became a serious art form

• Functional• Straight lined

Arts and Crafts Motifs

Gustav

Stickley

Frank Lloyd Wright

Meyer May House, 1908 Grand Rapids

Art Nouveau 1890-1915

World War I begins (1914)

First jazz record

First steel and glass building

Modern Art Movement begins

• International Influence

• Rebellion of Victorian Era

• Desire for a “new age”

• Art and Industry were to work together to create beautiful, functional pieces

Art Nouveau

• Fluid Lines• Curved Lines• Japanese elegance• Symbolist mystery• Floral and flat

patterns• Inspired by

illuminated manuscripts

Art Nouveau Motifs

Modern 1908-1935

Mussolini comes into power

First full length talking film

Adolf Hitler is appointed German Chancellor

Modernism

• Profound political unrest and change

• Rapidly changing machinery and technology

• Forward Looking• Rejection of

decoration• Function only

Modernism Motifs

• Free Form Lettering

• Asymmetrical Design

• Function Only• Free Alignment

of Typography

Different Styles of Modernism

• Futurism• Constructivism• Bauhaus• International

Style

Futurism

• No nostalgia!• New religion of

Speed• Kinetic • Dynamics of the

universe displayed in design and art

Constructivism• Early Soviet Youth

Movement• Man as whole being-

spiritual, cognitive and physical

• Take viewer from passive role into active

• Group more important than individual

Bauhaus

• Combined fine art and applied art

• Asymmetry• Rectangular Grid

Structure for design• Use of order• Dropping all capital

letters

Dadaism 1910-1925

Dadaism

• Invented by German refugee of WWI

• Scorned that art was the highest form of expression

• Rejection of organization

• Poetry, theater and art combined

• Widely scattered typography

• Removed elegance and good taste

• Crammed images• Photomantage

Dadaism Motifs

Marcel Duchamp

1920’s 1930’s

Art Deco 1920-1935

Discovery of King Tut’s Tomb

Science of Aerodynamics

Recovery of WWI

Spanish Civil Was begins

Art Deco

• Middle class was feeling threatened by abstractness of Modern Design

• Industrial use of plastics

• Desire to feel affluent

after such a gruesome World War

Art Deco Motifs• Huge reference to

Egyptian artifacts and symbols

• Space ships and speed

• Rectilinear rather than horizontal

• Geometric rather than organic

Heroic Realism 1930-1945

World War II begins

Women in workforce

Atomic Bomb is used in WWII

The first automatic computer is developed

Heroic Realism

• Emphasis on family

• Women in provider role

• Future hope

• Strength in society uniting

Heroic Realism Motifs

• Clean lines in design

• Clear messages

• Propaganda

• This design style is still seen in countries like North Korea

Late Modern 1945-1980

Elvis Presley first rock and roll hit

Color television

Korean War

Soviets launch Sputnik I -satellite

U.S. develops laser

Bombing North Vietnam

Apollo II first manned lunar landing

Late Modernism

• Revival in Design

• Psychedelic Art

• Japanese Influence

Late Modernism

• Revival

• Nostalgic after war

• Questioning where we go from here…

Late Modernism• Psychedelic Art

• Cartoon influence

• Western Religious ideas and styles

• Open view of love

• Influence of hallucinogenic drugs

Late Modernism

• Japanese Style

• 1970 Japanese World Fair

• Straight lines

• Bold colors

Contemporary 1980-present

Contemporary

• Sustainable Design or GREEN Design

-design that leaves as little footprint as possible upon the earth

-conscientious of materials used or recycled materials, fair trade materials, minimal to no toxins in product, compostable after-life, local materials

Contemporary

• Design: a response to chaos - retreat to modern design-Minimal -Reflective of early modern-Tactile-Viewer involved -Elements of surprise-Simplicity-Environmentally concerned-Experimental use of

materials

Contemporary

• Clean design

• Form and function

• Speed