history of libraries & library movement in india
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History of Libraries & Library Movement in India
Dr. A.Y.Asundi
Introduction
The history of the evolution of the libraries is an essential in the history of the intellectual development of civilization
“Libraries are the collective memory of the mankind, because they have existed since ancient and classical times” – Viscount Samuel
Use of writing materials and education through written records naturally stimulated the practice of their collection & preservation that ultimately made ground for the formation of libraries.
Very early libraries were of clay tablets, papyrus, palm leaf etc., based
Contd…
In Egypt, the libraries were usually part of temple
Rome introduced library through collection acquired after successful wars
In Constantinople, libraries were attached to every Church and even the small communities of the Egyptian deserts collected books.
Clay tablets
papyrus
Palm leaf
Historical Factors Influence on Est. of libraries
1. Renaissance (1400-1700 AD) period Experimental Science Logic, Science & Philosophy
2. The Impact of Printing - Johann Guttenberg
3. Impact of Industrial Revolution Literary & education became more widespread The new mode of life is cities & factories,
increased demands on libraries
History of Libraries
The excavations uncovered a royal palace of 90 rooms laid out around eight enclosed courtyards, many ambitious private dwellings, including two private libraries (one belonging to a diplomat named ) that contained diplomatic, legal, economic, administrative, scholastic, literary and religious texts.
The libraries of Ugarit (in modern Syria), c. 1200 BC
The Royal Library of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt, was probably the largest, and certainly the most famous, of the libraries of the ancient world.
History of Libraries
The ruins of Taxila consist of many different parts of the city buildings and buddhist stupas which are located in a large area.
Taxila is an important archaeological site in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
History of Libraries
Evolution of libraries in UK & USA
Industrial revolution in UK & USA has given a big boost to the library movement
The concept of liberal education, education for all, political thought and ideas of Democracy – all these factors contributed to development of libraries – all types
History of library movement in India
Indian culture & civilization evidences the existence of libraries since Vedic period.
Thanks to the various seats of learning located monasteries, temples, and Buddhist Vihars spread over the length & breadth of our country.
Libraries in Ancient & Medieval India Libraries are attached to seats or centres of
learning were Nalanda, Vikramshila, Somapuri, Jaggadal, Mitthla, Takshsila etc.,
Contd…
Libraries in the Moghul Period: In the Moghul period, libraries developed & prospered,
thanks to the Moghul Kings who were highly educated and founder of books
During Babar’s period Imperial library was started Bhamanis in South also established libraries for
Universities
Library Development in Modern India 1808 as a landmark in the history library movement in
India – Bombay govt. initiated a proposal to register libraries, which would receive free copies of books published from the “Funds for the Encouragement of Literature
Development of Public Libraries
Early PLs in India were started with support of British
The first library of English colony was started in 1662 & was called St.George Library
In 1773, Malabaria & portuguese library was started by Ziegenbalg
In 1787, Messrs clock, Maxwell co., started the Calcutta circulating library
Calcutta library society(1818), Trivandrum Public Library (1829) Calcutta public library (1835).
20th century saw the dovt. of PLs at an accelerated pace all over India
Borden established the PL System in Baroda – 1910
Development of ALs
Pre-Independence Period Academic Libraries are attached to a University,
College & school Greater influence and contribution of Christian
Missionaries in start up school & colleges. Establishment of three Universities in India
Post Independence Period Establishment of UGC – AICTE etc., Appointment of Committees & Commission Setting up & framing NEP.
Development of Special Libraries
Investment on R & D and S & T activitiesEstablishment of R & D oganisation Starting up of IISc.Establishment of CSIRBirth of DRDO laboratoriesPrivate and Public enterprises Objective and mission oriented
Organisations
Role of libraries in formal & informal education
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Introduction
Various institutions founded by the society – educational, research, cultural, recreation, business & industrial institutions.
The library is the central focal point to serve all these institutions
Library & Education Defined as the aggregate of all the processes by
means of which a person develops abilities, attitudes & other forms of behaviours
All these process is done through formal & informal education
Education aims imparting knowledge & skills, inculcation of values
Formal Education
Is given in academic institutions like school, college & universities – to which is attached generally a library While at school, a library tries to supplement
classroom teaching In colleges & universities it becomes a focal
point of learning Role of library in fostering the intellectual
development of students, faculty & researcher needs.
Informal Education
Which there is no institutional base, the library becomes the main resource
As the users of non-formal programmes have to acquire knowledge through self study.
Public libraries are providing non-formal education through Govt. funds. It also conduct non-formal education programmes from time to time
Now PLs are becomes “Community Information Cenres (CICs).
PLs while catering to the recreation & leisure utilization by users.
School Libraries: Features & Functions
Children's are our future. Children should be introduced to the books & other documents at very young age.
School Library Primary; Secondary & Higher Secondary School Libraries
School Library
Functions of School Libraries
To acquire, maintain, & circulate the books & other reading materials relevant to the needs & interests of teachers and students.
To create curiosity & interest among the students & staff To teach them how best make use of available
materials for their study, teaching, recreation and entertainment.
To create a sense of value among the users To inculcate the habit of self-study To enable the teachers to use the libraries to support
various programmes of the school To generate a sense of confidence among the users
that the library is a centre of all types of information
Collections & Services in School Libraries
Pictorial books Biographies of great men & women Comics & cartoons Folk tales Punchatantra tales Stories of animals & birds Games & sports Reference books Children’s magazines A.V. Materials etc.,
College Libraries: Features & Functions
College education provides a totally different environment for boys & girls who go for higher studies
Usually the classes comprise larger numbers of students & unlike school education, the students in colleges get much less individual attention from the teachers.
In this context students have to depend much more on self learning
The college library thus becomes an automatic choice for students to supplement their class room teaching
College Library
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