history of research project on cca-treated wood presented october 22, 2004 tag meeting
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History of Research Project on CCA-Treated Wood
Presented October 22, 2004TAG Meeting
Funding Received from
Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Mngt.
Florida Power and LightSarasota County/
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
Florida International University/NIEHSRutgers University/NIEHS
University of Florida FICESS Center/NSFPublic Health Trust, CA
Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E., Timothy Townsend, Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. Engrg Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg
Core Team of Faculty Researchers
Gabriel Bitton, Ph.D. David Hahn, Ph.D.
Professor, Env. Micro/Tox Assoc. Prof., Mechanical – Laser
Yong Cai, Ph.D. Stuart Shalat, Sc.D.
Assist. Prof., Chemistry Assoc. Prof., Epidemiology/Pesticides
Lora Fleming, M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof., Epidemiology/PH
Additional Faculty Researchers
Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E., C.Y. Wu, Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. Engrg Assoc. Prof., Environ/Air Pollution Control Engineering
Tim Townsend, Ph.D., P.E. Tim Townsend, Ph.D., P.E.
Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg
Today’s Faculty Presenters
Joint Meeting
Approx. 32 Students Supported on CCA Projects Since Beginning
of Project
Today’s Student Presenters
Gary Jacobi, M.S. candidate from U.MiamiTomoyuki “Shiba” Shibata, Ph.D. candidate from U.MiamiAmy Omae, M.S. candidate from U.MiamiBrajesh Dubey, Ph.D. candidate from U.Florida
Original Motivation For Project
Ash Disposal Problem, 1995
FCSHWM Year 1 (1996-1997)
Year 1: C&D Wood Testing
Processed Wood at C&D Recycling Facilities
6% CCA by Weight
Year 1: Disposal Forecast
(Updated 2004)
0
500
1000
1500
20001
96
0
198
0
200
0
20
20
204
0
20
60
208
0
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0
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20
214
0
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20
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0
Year
Mas
s L
each
ed (m
etri
c to
ns)
C&DMonofill
MSW
Disposed
Leached During In-Service Use
Production
Ars
enic
(m
etric
ton
s)
FCSHWM Year 2 (1997-1998)
Year 2: Ash Leaching Studies
Leaching Studies, ash Hazardous when CCA-treated
wood represents 5% of wood burned
Solvents can extract metals from ash, citric acid very promising (40 to 100% As removed)
Year 2: Sorting
Sorting Studies, Laboratory Chemical stains, low capital cost
labor intensive
X-ray methods, high capital costsuitable for on-line system
Untreated Treated
Outline of Work Since 1999 In-Service Issues
Impacts on Soil Runoff and Infiltration (NIEHS funding) Playgrounds and Children* (NIEHS funding)
Disposal Leaching New and Weathered Wood Chemical alternatives to CCA Sorting Methods* Mulch Studies*
In-Service: Soil Impacts
In Service: Soil Impacts
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Arsenic Concentration (mg/kg)
Experimental Set-up
sandy soil, 2 ft
deck
gravel
rainwater runoff collection vessel
Infiltrating rainwater
precipitation
Rainfall
ArsenicGround surface
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)
Surface ~ 2.5
5.0 ~ 7.5
10.0 ~ 12.5
15.0 ~ 17.5
20.0 ~ 22.5
25.0 ~ 27.5
Dep
th (
cm
)
FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg
U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kg
FL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg
Results: As in Soil
Rainfall
ArsenicGround surface
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)
Surface ~ 2.5
5.0 ~ 7.5
10.0 ~ 12.5
15.0 ~ 17.5
20.0 ~ 22.5
25.0 ~ 27.5
Dep
th (
cm
)
after 6 months
Results: As in Soil
FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg
U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kgFL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg
6 months
Rainfall
ArsenicGround surface
Results: As in Soil
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)
Surface ~ 2.5
5.0 ~ 7.5
10.0 ~ 12.5
15.0 ~ 17.5
20.0 ~ 22.5
25.0 ~ 27.5
Dep
th (
cm
) after 6 monthsafter 13 months
FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg
U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kgFL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg
13 months
Rainfall
ArsenicGround surface
Results: As in Soil
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Cumulative arsenic in soil (mg/kg)
Surface ~ 2.5
5.0 ~ 7.5
10.0 ~ 12.5
15.0 ~ 17.5
20.0 ~ 22.5
25.0 ~ 27.5
Dep
th (
cm
)
after 6 monthsafter 13 monthsafter 18 months
FL SCTLS for industrial area: 3.7 mg/kg
U.S.EPA SSL : 0.4 mg/kgFL SCTLS for residential area: 0.8 mg/kg
18 months
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
09/1
4/02
10/1
4/02
11/1
4/02
12/1
4/02
01/1
4/03
02/1
4/03
03/1
4/03
04/1
4/03
05/1
4/03
06/1
4/03
07/1
4/03
08/1
4/03
09/1
4/03
10/1
4/03
11/1
4/03
12/1
4/03
01/1
4/04
02/1
4/04
03/1
4/04
04/1
4/04
05/1
4/04
Met
al c
on
cen
trat
ion
s (u
g/L
)
As in the runoff water (ug/L)
As in the infiltrated water (ug/L)
50 ug/L for Arsenic (U.S.EPA: Drinking water standard, FL criteria for surface water quality classification)
As in the runoff water (ug/L)
As in the infiltrated water (ug/L)
Disposal
Leaching New and Weathered Wood Chemical Alternatives to CCA Sorting Methods Mulch Studies*
Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
TCLP SPLP EPTOX WET
As
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
mg
/L)
Sawdust
Chipped Wood
5 20-g Blocks
100-g Block
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q
As
(m
g/l
)
New Wood Used Wood
TCLPLimit
Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood
TCLP
Field-Scale Leaching2 Monofills / 2 C&D / 2 MSW
Untreated(mg/L)
Treated(mg/L)
Wood Monofill (100% wood)
< 0.02 5 – 43
C&D Waste(34% wood)
<0.06 0.4 – 1.8
MSW(2% wood)
< 0.7 0.4 – 2.3
Chemical Alternatives: Leaching
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CCA-1 CCA-2 ACQ CBA CC CDDC
Co
pp
er
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
(m
g/L
)
SPLPSynthetic Rainfall
Chemical Alternatives: Aquatic Toxicity
LessToxic
0.1
1
10
100
1 10 100 1000Copper Concentration (mg/L)
EC
50 (
%)
EC50 Cu = 3.8 mg/l
EC50 Cu = 0.076 mg/l
MicrotoxRegression Line
R2 = 0.307CCA
CDDC
CBA
ACQ
CC
Laser
x-ray
Untreated Treated Test Kits
x-ray
x-ray
Sorting
Work Products
8 FCSHWM reports, Finalized (available on-line) 1 FCSHWM reports, Draft (available on-line) 2 FCSHWM reports, Pending
9 peer-reviewed journal articles published
and 1 in press, 1 accepted, 3 submitted Plus approx 40 conference proceedings and other
papers
Questions?
technical reports available at:
www.ccaresearch.org
hmsolo@miami.edu ttown@ufl.edu cywu@ufl.edu
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