history & trends in health care tpj 3m academy 2010
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History & Trends in
Health Care
TPJ 3M
Academy 2010
Ancient Times
Disease and illness caused by evil spirits and demons, punishments from the gods,
Treatments tried to eliminate the evil spirits, religious rites were used to restore health
Exploring the human body was difficult because most religions did not allow dissection
Egyptians
First to keep health records – kept by priests and written on stone
Chinese
Strong belief in the need to cure the spirit and nourish the body
Holistic health stressing the entire patient; body, mind and soul
Greeks
Hippocrates (ca 430-377 BC) – “The father of medicine”- kept records. These records helped establish that disease is caused by natural causes NOT supernatural spirits or demons
First to stress good diet and cleanliness to help prevent disease
Romans
Realised that some diseases were connected with filth, contaminated water and poor sanitation
Created sanitation systems, built sewers, aquaducts Drained marshland to reduce malaria Implemented laws to keep streets clean and eliminate garbage
Dark Ages
After the fall of the Roman empire the study of medicine stopped
Individuals again lived in unsanitary conditions Little or no personal hygiene Epidemics arose; smallpox, dysentry, typhus, bubonic plague
Middle Ages
Renewed interest in medical practices of the Greeks and Romans
Handwritten records were kept Medical universities arose (9th century) Arabic states began to train and expect physicians to pass
exams to obtain licences
1300s
75% of the population of Europe and Asia died of Bubonic plague
Smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria killed many others
Average lifespan – 20-35 years Infant mortality was high
The Renaissance (1350-1650 AD)
The “rebirth of science and medicine” Dissection of human corps was allowed and was the
source of much of the new knowledge Artists; Michelangelo and da Vinci were able to draw
the human body accurately Development of printing presses allowed for
publications of medical books Knowledge spread more rapidly Physicians were more educated
The 16th – 18th centuries
William Harvey – circulation of blood Gabriel Fallopius- tympanic membrane in the ear
and the fallopian tube Bartolomeo Eustachio – tube connecting ear and
throat Anton van Leeuwenhoek – created the microscope Edward Jenner- Smallpox vaccine Lifespan- 40-50 years
Industrial Revolution- The 19th century
Major progress because of the development of machines and the access to books
Rene Naennec – invented the stethoscope Florence Nightingale – established sanitary nursing
units for soldiers injured in the Crimean war (founder of modern nursing)
Theodor Fliedner, Joseph Lister and Louis Pasteur were created systems to reduce the spread of tiny microorganisms that caused disease
Lifespan- 40-65 years
Louis Pasteur
Stopped milk and wine from causing sickness- pasteurization
Vaccine for rabies and anthrax Rabies vaccine was first used on
9-year old Joseph Meister, on July 6, 1885, after the boy was badly mauled by a rabid dog.
20th century
Rapid growth of health care New machines; x-ray New medicines; insulin for diabetes, antibiotics to
fight infection, vaccines to prevent disease, Cause of disease was identified Watson and Crick described the structure of DNA Health care plans helped cover medical costs Surgery techniques were improved and less fatal Lifespan- 60-80 years
21st century
Tell me what you’ve heard about……
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