hiv and opportunistic infections

HIV & OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS

Presented by,Anjali.C

First year M.PharmDept. Of pharmacy practiceGrace college of pharmacy

HIV

• RNA retrovirus of the genus Lentivirus that infects and destroys vital cells of the human immune system, such as helper T cells (CD4+ cells).

• It causes the AIDS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(HIV)

TRANSMISSION OF HIV

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT NON PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY

• Patient education• Life style modification• Sympathetic attitude,

family and public support. • Take adequate rest and

diet rich in proteins and vitamins.

• Smoking cessation• Stop drinking alcohol• Do regular exercise or

yoga.

PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPYANTI RETROVIRAL TREATMENT

TREATMENT ALGORITHM

OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS

PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 15-20mg/Kg/DayPentamidine isethionate i.v. 4mg/kg/Day

TOXOPLASMA GONDII

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 1 double strength tab. Oral,OD

MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS

Azithromycin 1200mg orally once weekly or

Clarithromycin 500mg Orally twice daily

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

Fluconazole,100-200mg ,orally once daily

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

Acyclovir ,200mg five times

daily or

400mg ,three times daily

VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS

Acyclovir ,30mg/kg/day for atleast 7 days

Acyclovir 4g/day ,orally

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

Ganciclovir 7.5-10mg/kg/day,i.v.,in 2-3 equally divided dose for 14

daysMaintenance:5-6mg/kg,OD