homework !!!!!

HOMEWORK!!!!!

Total War• Countries devoted all resources to the

war• Propaganda utilized• Government took over economy

–All civilians put to work–Rationing – people only allowed to

buy small amounts

· The War Industries Board told factories what to produce and the War Labor Board settled labor disputes.

Labor:

Examples: • “wheatless Mondays”•“meatless Tuesdays”

Organizing the War Effort

Food:·Americans learned to conserve food for the soldiers.

· Women took over the jobs of men fighting in the war.

Woman In a Factory During World War I

Public Support:· The government raised over $21 billion through the sale of Liberty Bonds.

Patriotism People

encouraged to ‘do your bit for your country’

Pals brigades (including football teams, old school friends)

Promised to be over by Christmas

By December 1914, 1 million men had enlisted

What is the artist of who made this poster trying to say?

Propaganda Govt. afraid honest reporting would turn

people against the war Women told to encourage sons, husbands &

boyfriends to enlist

Conscription Casualties increased News returned to

Britain of horrors of trenches

Conscription introduced for all men between ages of 18 and 41

Conscientious objectors (conshies) given white feathers

By 1918 2.5 million extra men had been enlisted

Why did millions of men feel ‘obliged’ to fight in the War?

Winning the WarCh. 13-4

Allies Win!!!• After Russia withdraws, Germany ready for

victory• But arrival of US revitalizes Allied troops• Ottomans surrender in Oct. 1918• Revolution sweeps Austria-Hungary• Germans mutiny against kaiser who abdicates• Armistice signed on Nov. 11, 1918 at 11 a.m.

Veteran’s Day• 1919, Pres. Wilson named Nov. 11 “Armistice Day”

"To us in America, the reflections of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of thosewho died in the country’s service and with gratitude for the victory, both because of the thing from which it has freed us and because of the opportunity it has given America to show her sympathy with peace and justice in the councils of the nations…"

Legacy of the War1. New technology2. Global Affairs3. Mass Destruction4. Massive loss of human life5. Devastated Economies

- War cost $338 billion6. Disillusionment

3. Loss of Human LifeCountries Total

MobilizedTotal

CasualtiesCasualties % of Mobilized

Allied Powers      Russia 12,000,000 9,150,000 76.3France 8,410,000 6,160,800 76.3Great Britain 8,904,467 3,190,235 35.8Italy 5,615,000 2,197,000 39.1United States 4,355,000 364,800 8.2Japan 800,000 1,210 0.2Serbia 707,343 331,106 46.8Belgium 267,000 93,061 34.9Total 42,188,810 22,104,209 52.3Central Powers      Germany 11,000,000 7,142,558 64.9Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 7,020,000 90.0Ottoman Empire 2,850,000 975,000 34.2Bulgaria 1,200,000 266,919 22.2Total 22,850,000 15,404,477 67.4Grand Total 65,038,810 37,508,686 57.6

4. Mass DestructionBEFORE AFTER

BEFORE AFTER

BEFORE AFTER

Paris Peace Conference

• Had to determine the terms of peace• Met at the Palace of Versailles• 32 nations represented but it all came down to the Big

Four• Germany and Russia not represented

Words with Woodrow….

“Friendship is the only cement that will hold the world together.”

Woodrow Wilson• US President• Former president of Princeton

University• 14 Points based on self-

determination• They included:

– End to secret treaties– Freedom of the seas– Free trade– Reduced armies & navies– Fairness to colonial people– International peace organization

Georges Clemenceau

• Prime Minister of France• Nicknamed “The Tiger”• Previously a doctor and a

journalist• Very combative, determined

to punish Germany• Rarely agreed with Wilson

David Lloyd George

• Prime Minister of Great Britain• Previously Minister of War• Tried to mediate between Wilson

and Clemenceau• Torn between 2 sides –

– A realist he knew it would be bad to punish Germany too much

– However, he won the election by promising to make Germany pay

Vittorio Orlando

• Prime Minister of Italy• Hoping to be treated as

an equal at the peace conference even though Italy sided with Germany in the beginning

Terms of the Treaty of VersaillesLeague of Nations Territorial Losses

• International peace organization• Initially, enemy and neutral nations

excluded•Germany and Russia excluded

• Germany gives Alsace-Lorraine back to France

•French border extends to Rhine River

• Germany surrenders all colonies

Military Restrictions War Guilt• Size of German army limited•Germany can’t import or

manufacture weapons or other war material

•Germany not allowed to have subs or airforce

•All blame for the war is place on Germany

•Germany forced to pay $33 billion in reparations over next 30 years

Propaganda After the War

Ended

“A Peace Built on Quicksand”

• Treaty did little to build a lasting peace• U.S. rejected the treaty – wanted to return to

isolationism• War Guilt Clause makes Germany bitter• European countries did not follow through

with self-determination in the colonies• Japan and Italy angry because they did not

gain the territory they wanted

Words with Woodrow….

“I would rather fail in a cause that will ultimately triumph than to triumph in a cause that will ultimately fail”