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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 1
Homework, Page 55
Find an equation for each circle.
1.Center (–2, 3); radius 3
2 22 3 9x y
2 22 3 9x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 2
Homework, Page 55
Find an equation for each circle.
3.Center (0, 3); radius 12
2 2 20 3 12x y
22 3 144x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 3
Homework, Page 55
Graph, if possible. Find center and radius.
5. 132 22 yx
: 2,3 ; 1Center r
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 4
Homework, Page 55
Graph, if possible. Find center and radius.
7. 2 24 4x y
: 4,0 ; 2Center r
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 5
Homework, Page 55
Graph, if possible. Find center and radius.
9. 0222 yyx
2 2 2 0x y y
2 2 2 1 1x y y
22 1 1x y : 0,1 ; 1Center r
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 6
Homework, Page 55Graph, if possible. Find center and radius.
11. 2 2 5 7 0x y x y
2 2 5 7 0x y x y 2 25 7 0x x y y
2 25 6.25 7 12.5 6.25 12.25x x y y
2 22.5 3.5 18.5x y
: 2.5, 3.5 ; 4.301Center r
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 7
Homework, Page 55
Graph, if possible. Find center and radius.13.
Empty graph.
72 22 yx
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 8
Homework, Page 55
Graph, if possible. Find center and radius.15.
2 2 8 16x y x
2 2 8 16x y x 2 28 16x x y
2 28 16 16 16x x y
2 24 0x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 9
Homework, Page 55
Find an equation of the line tangent to the circle at P.
17. 2 2( 2) 10; (1, 3); (2,0)x y P C
0 33
2 1m
13 1
3y x
3 9 1y x
3 8x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 10
Homework, Page 55
Determine if A is inside, on, or outside the circle.
19. C = (2, –1); r = 3; A = (3, 2)
2 22 1 9x y
2 23 2 2 1 9
10 9 Outside the circle
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 11
Homework, Page 55
Determine if A is inside, on, or outside the circle.
21. C = (0, 0); r = 4; A = (2, 2) 2 2 16x y 2 22 2 16
8 16 Inside the circle
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 12
Homework, Page 55
Find an equation of each circle.
23. Center (3, 5); tangent to the x-axis
2 23 5 25x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 13
Homework, Page 55
Find an equation of each circle.
25. Tangent to the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line y = 5. (two answers)
2 22.5 2.5 6.25x y
2 22.5 2.5 6.25x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 14
Homework, Page 55
Find an equation of each circle.
27. Center on the line y = 1 – 2x, tangent to the y-axis at (0, 3)
1 2y x
x
y
3 1 2x 1x
2 21 3 1x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 15
Homework, Page 55
29. Find an equation of the circle containing (–9, 2), (–1, 2), (–1, 6), and (–9, 6)
9 1 6 2, 5,4
2 2M M
x
y
2 29 5 6 4 16 4 20d
2 25 4 20x y 2 2
5 4 20x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
8.1
Conic Sections and Parabolas
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 17
What you’ll learn about
Conic Sections Geometry of a Parabola Translations of Parabolas Reflective Property of a Parabola
… and whyConic sections are the paths of nature: Any free-moving object in a gravitational field follows the path of a conic section.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 18
A Right Circular Cone (of two nappes)
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Conic Sections
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Degenerate Conic Sections
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Second-Degree (Quadratic) Equations in Two Variables
2 2 0,
where , , and , are not all zero.
Ax Bxy Cy Dx Ey F
A B C
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 22
Parabola
A parabola is the set of all points in a plane equidistant from a particular line (the directrix) and a particular point (the focus) in the plane.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 23
Parabolas with Vertex (0,0)
Stand ard eq uation x2 = 4py y2 = 4pxOp en s Upward or To the right or to the downwar d left
Fo cu s (0 ,p) (p,0 )Directrix y = –p x = –pAx is y-ax isx-ax isFo cal len gth p pFo cal width |4 p | |4 p |
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 24
Graphs of x2=4py
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 25
Graphs of y2 = 4px
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 26
Example Finding an Equation of a Parabola
Find an equation in standard form for the
parabola whose directrix is the line 3
and whose focus is the point ( 3,0).
x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 27
Parabolas with Vertex (h,k)
Stand ard eq uation (x–h)2 = 4p(y–k) (y–k)2 = 4p(x–h)
Op en s Upward or To the right or to the downwar d left
Fo cu s (h,k+p) (h+p,k)Directrix y = k–p x = h–p Ax is x = h y = kFo cal len gth p pFo cal width |4 p | |4 p |
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 28
Example Finding an Equation of a Parabola
Find the standard form of the equation for
the parabola with vertex at (1,2) and focus
at (1, 2).
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 29
Example Graphing a Parabola with a Calculator
2
Graph the parabola given by: 4 4 2 .y x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 30
Example Solving a word Problem About Parabolas
62. Stein Glass, Inc. makes parabolic headlights for a variety of automobiles. If one of its headlights has a parabolic surface generated by the parabola x2 = 12y, where should the light bulb be placed?
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 31
Homework
Homework Assignment #21 Review Section: 7.1 Page 641, Exercises: 1 – 69 (EOO)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
8.2
Ellipses
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 33
Quick Review
2 2
2 2
2
1. Find the distance between ( , ) and (1,2).
2. Solve for in terms of . 19 4
Solve for algebraically.
3. 3 8 3 12 10
4. 6 1 6 12 11
5. Find the exact solution by completing the square.
2
a b
y xy x
x
x x
x x
x
8 21 0x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 34
Quick Review Solutions
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
3
1. Find the distance between ( , ) and (1,2).
2. Solve for in terms of . 1 9 4
Solve for algebraically.
3. 3 8 3 1
6 9
2
82 10
4. 6 1 6 12 11
5. Find the exact solut
2
a b a b
xy
x
x
y xy x
x
x x
x x
2
ion by completing the square.
2 8 21 0 29
22
xx x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 35
What you’ll learn about
Geometry of an Ellipse Translations of Ellipses Orbits and Eccentricity Reflective Property of an Ellipse
… and whyEllipses are the paths of planets and comets around the Sun, or of moons around planets.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 36
Ellipse
An ellipse is the set of all points in a plane whose distance from two fixed points in the plane have a constant sum. The fixed points are the foci (plural of focus) of the ellipse. The line through the foci is the focal axis. The point on the focal axis midway between the foci is the center. The points where the ellipse intersects its axis are the vertices of the ellipse.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 37
Key Points on the Focal Axis of an Ellipse
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 38
Ellipse - Additional Terms
The major axis is the chord connecting the vertices of the ellipse. The semimajor axis is the distance from the center of the ellipse and to one of the vertices. The minor axis is the chord perpendicular to the major axis and passing through the center of the ellipse. The semiminor axis is the distance from the center of the ellipse to one end of the minor axis, sometimes called a minor vertex.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 39
Ellipse with Center (0,0)
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 Standard equation 1 1
Focal axis -axis -axis
Foci ( ,0)
x y y x
a b a bx y
c
(0, )
Vertices ( ,0) (0, )
Semimajor axis
Semiminor axis
c
a a
a a
b b
2 2 2 2 2 2 Pythagorean relation a b c a b c
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 40
Pythagorean Relation
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 41
Example Finding the Vertices and Foci of an Ellipse
2 2Find the vertices and the foci of the ellipse 9 4 36.x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 42
Example Finding an Equation of an Ellipse
Find an equation of the ellipse with foci ( 2,0) and (2,0) whose minor
axis has length 2.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 43
Ellipse with Center (h,k)
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 Standard equation 1 1
Focal axis
Foci ( , )
x h y k y k x h
a b a by k x h
h c k
( , )
Vertices ( , ) ( , )
Semimajor axis
Semiminor ax
h k c
h a k h k a
a a
2 2 2 2 2 2
is
Pythagorean relation
b b
a b c a b c
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 44
Ellipse with Center (h,k)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 45
Example Locating Key Points of an Ellipse
2 2
Find the center, vertices, and foci of the ellipse
1 11
4 9
x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 46
Example Finding the Equation of an Ellipse
Find the equation of the ellipse with major axis endpoints 3, 7 and 3,3
and minor axis length 6.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 47
Example Graphing an Ellipse Using Parametric Equations
2 2
1 2Parameterize and graph the ellipse whose equation is: 1
16 9
y x
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 48
Example Proving an Ellipse
2 2
Prove that the graph of the equation is an ellipse, and find its center,
vertices, and foci: 9 16 54 32 47 0x y x y
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 49
Elliptical Orbits Around the Sun
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 8- 50
Eccentricity of an Ellipse
2 2
The of an ellipse is ,
where is the semimajor axis, is the semiminor
axis, and is the distance from the center of the
ellipse to either focus.
c a be
a aa b
c
eccentricity
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