horse gaits hipp clinic - ohio 4-h · • characteristic rhythmic movements of a horse’s legs and...
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Ohio 4‐H Horse Program www.horse.osu.edu
GaitsMasa Williams, State Extension Associate
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Excellence in Junior Fair Activities
Ohio 4‐H Horse Program www.horse.osu.edu
• Anatomy of a gait
• How to determine a gait
• Basic gaits
• Some unique breeds and their gaits
What We Will Cover TodayOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Characteristic rhythmic movements of a horse’s legs and feet during motion
• Can be natural or acquired…
• Natural gaits:• Common to most breeds:
• Walk, trot, pace, canter, gallop, and back• Other gaits may be natural to some breeds
• Acquired gaits:• Some learned• Some enhanced by training/shoeing
What is a Gait?OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• All gaits have a distinct footfall pattern that determines the beat and may or may not include a period of suspension
• All natural gaits may be determined by examining these three parts
• In addition to these, length of stride, tempo of
footfall, and leg action will help determine the gait
• Many acquired gaits vary in this way
• Some breeds will exhibit “acquired” gaits naturally!
Anatomy of a GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Footfall Pattern
• Beat
• Suspension
• Stride
• Tempo
• Action
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Basis for Determining the Gait
• Footfall Pattern• Sequence in which each foot takes off from and strikes
the ground• Determines beat• Lateral• Diagonal
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Beat• Interval in which a foot (or two feet simultaneously) strikes the ground.• Gaits can be:
• 2‐beat‐or‐
• 3‐beat‐or‐
• 4‐beat
‐and‐
• Diagonal‐or‐
• Lateral
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Diagonal• Front foot and opposite hind foot take off and stop at the same time or in sequence.
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Diagonal• Front foot and opposite hind foot take off and stop at the same time or in sequence.
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Lateral• Legs/feet on same side of body move as a pair or in sequence
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Lateral• Legs/feet on same side of body move as a pair or in sequence
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Beat• Interval when a foot (or two feet simultaneously) strikes the ground.• Gaits can be:
• 2‐beat‐or‐
• 3‐beat‐or‐
• 4‐beat
‐and‐
• Diagonal‐or‐
• Lateral
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Beat• Interval when a foot (or two feet simultaneously) strikes the ground.• Gaits can be:
• 2‐beat‐or‐
• 3‐beat‐or‐
• 4‐beat
‐and‐
• Diagonal‐or‐
• Lateral
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Beat• Interval when a foot (or two feet simultaneously) strikes the ground.• Gaits can be:
• 2‐beat‐or‐
• 3‐beat‐or‐
• 4‐beat
‐and‐
• Diagonal‐or‐
• Lateral
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Suspension• Period of time when all feet are off the ground
• Does not happen with all gaits
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/607634174699285108/?lp=true
http://revealingpaws.com/revealingpaws/uk%20pages/Content%20UK/Glossary/Individual%20Words/Suspension%20Phase.htm
• Tempo• Speed at which footfalls occur in a gait
• Variations in speed of the same footfall pattern can result in different gaits
• Gaits of the Paso Fino: • Four‐beat, lateral• Speed determines gait!
• Classic Fino• Paso Corto• Paso Largo
Basis for Determining the Gait
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
• Stride• Distance between successive imprints of the same foot
Basis for Determining the Gait
http://yousense.info/7061736f/paso-fino-horse.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paso_Fino#/media/File:Paso_Fino_performing_classic_fino1.jpg
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
• Tempo & Stride• Gaits of the Paso Fino:
Basis for Determining the GaitOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Action• Action or animation achieved when a horse folds its
knees and flexes its hock noticeably
Basis for Determining the Gait
https://bobandsuewilliams.com/explore/Tennessee-Walker-gait/
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Basic GaitsAs
Ohio 4‐H Horse Program www.horse.osu.edu
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• 4‐beat, lateral• Slowest of all gaits• Known as the foundation gait
Walk
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• 2‐beat, diagonal• Period of suspension between each diagonal pair• Can be extended or collected• Trot‐english, Jog‐ western• Not all horses trot!
Trot/JogOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
• 2‐beat, lateral• Period of suspension between each lateral pair• Speed gait
PaceOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_gait
•3‐beat,diagonal • One diagonal pair• Independent front leg called “lead”• Period of suspension between each stride• Canter‐english• Lope‐ western
Canter/Lope
Right Lead Left Lead
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
Canter/Lope- Left LeadOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
Canter/Lope- Right LeadOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
•4‐beat, diagonal • One diagonal sequence pair• Independent front leg called “lead”• Period of suspension between each stride• Fastest of all gaits
Gallop
http://swphorses.com/understanding-horses-gait-part-2/
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://allpony.com/learn/gaits/
GallopOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muybridge_race_horse_gallop.jpg#/media/File:Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gif
• 2‐beat, diagonal in reverse• No suspension
BackOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Acquired GaitsAs
Ohio 4‐H Horse Program www.horse.osu.edu
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Exhibited by “gaited” breeds• Learned or enhanced
• Most are 4‐beat, lateral (*some exceptions)• Rack• Running Walk• Slow Gait• Tölt• “Paso” gaits• Fox Trot*
Acquired GaitsOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• 4‐beat, lateral• Style and action• Fast or slow• Evenly timed• “Single foot”• Little or no overstride
• Racking Horses• Variety/combination of breeds
• Five‐Gaited American Saddlebred
RackOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-gaited
• 4‐beat, lateral• Style and action• Fast • Very distinct overstride, nodding head in rhythm with gait most recognized in the Tennessee Walking Horse
Running WalkOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Wiser
• 4‐beat, lateral• High action• Slow • Unevenly timed
• Hind foot strikes ground slightly before forefoot
• Five‐gaited American Saddlebred
Slow Gait/Stepping PaceOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• 4‐beat, sequential (broken) diagonal
• Front foot of diagonal pair lands before the hind• No suspension• Slow • Appears to “walk in front, trot behind”• Missouri Fox Trotter
Fox TrotOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Balance• True‐moving• Easy Gaited• Flashy Gaited• Free Moving• Labored• Rapidity
Other Gait-Related Terms
• Stance Phase• Step• Swing Phase• Overlap time• Simple change • Flying change
All terms found in resources
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Other breeds and their unique gaits
• Gait defects
• Lameness
• Phases of the stride
What is NOT CoveredOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Extension Horses Gaits Explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCWMI09F5O8
Horse Gaits‐ Footfall: Emphasis on the Diagonal: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4zdTn02PWQ
Horse Gaits: What is Disunited Canter?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpogSf_Jez4
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
The Gaited Horse Gait Spectrum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoB6FFP7a84
Resources
Horse Industry Handbook
Dictionary of Equine Terms
Beginning Horse Management (4‐H 174)
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