how blows the wind? charlsie allen, nbct okage teaching consultant
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How Blows the Wind?
Charlsie Allen, NBCTOKAGE Teaching Consultant
Purpose To locate and identify wind
patterns of the world; to describe their effect on the
environment; and To identify and describe how
humans have adapted life to these wind patterns.
PASS 7th Grade Standard 3.1 Recognize regional
climatic patterns … prevailing winds…. Standard 5.0 The student will examine
the interactions of humans and their environment.
Standard 5.2 Evaluate the effects of human … adaptation to the natural environment…desertification….
A Legend…
The Ancient Greeks used to think that wind was the Earth breathing in and out. We now know that it is just…
air on the move.
Global Wind Patterns Air moves between different
areas around the world. Air moves at different
heights in the atmosphere.
Global Wind Patterns Colder air from the poles tends to
sink and move towards the equator closer to the surface of the Earth.
Warm air from the equator rises and moves towards the poles high in the atmosphere because it is lighter.
Coriolis Effect Causes distinct pattern of
winds around the world. In the northern hemisphere,
winds blow to the right. In the southern hemisphere,
winds blow to the left.
Major Wind Patterns Westerlies Trade winds Roaring Forties
The Doldrums
Wind Patterns
Wind patterns occur all over the world and these patterns have names given by local residents.
Chinook Winds
Location: North America
Chinook Winds
Source of wind: Cold arctic winds from northern
Canada.
Chinook Wind
Chinook Winds
Effects on environment Colder than usual winters
throughout the United States
Chinook Winds
Impact on Humans: Colder winters cause higher
heating bills. Cattle are lost in harsh winters Businesses lose money during
bad winters.
El Niño and La Niña
Location: Pacific Ocean
El Niño and La NiñaSource of wind: Winds blowing East to West
across the Pacific weaken and change course.
The large warm air mass near Australia begins to move east toward South America.
El Niño and La Niña
El Niño
La Niña
El Niño and La Niña
Incidence: In the past, every 4 to 5 years Recently, more often
El Niño and La Niña
Effects on environment: Severe storms in North and South
America. Drought in Australia Polar jet stream moved north. Eastern United States has warmer
winter.
El Niño and La Niña
Effects (continued) The Pacific jet stream moves
further south than usual. Fierce storms hit California’s
coast which usually has mild, sunny weather.
El Niño and La Niña
Impact on Humans: Thousands of deaths Billions of dollars lost around
the world
Monsoons
Location: South Asia
Monsoons
Source of wind: Summer – Wet Monsoons begin
in the Indian Ocean between India and Africa.
Winds move northeast across India toward the Himalayas.
Monsoons
Incidence: Regularly each year Summer Monsoon – May to
September Winter Monsoon – October to
April
Monsoons
Effects on environment: Before the summer Monsoon
rains, land mass heats to 120° F.
Winter Monsoons bring cool land, mild temperatures, low humidity.
Monsoons
Impact on Humans: Monsoons are key to farming
success. Seeds planted before Monsoon
develop roots before the rains come.
Monsoons
Impact on Humans (continued)
If Monsoons are late, young plants die, and famine follows.
If Monsoons are early or too severe, young plants wash away, and famine follows.
Mistral
Location: Rhone Valley, France
Mistral
Source of Wind: Cold, north-westerly wind that
blows down the Rhone valley.
Mistral
Incidence: 100 days a year
Mistral
Effect on environment: Winds blow 40 to 80 mph 100 days per year Trees grown permanently bent
Mistral
Impact on Humans: Homes have windows only on the
southeast side for protection from the cold, dry wind that blows through the Rhone Valley.
Sirocco
Location: Wind blows from North Africa
to Italy.
Sirocco
Source of wind: Over north Africa, winds become
hot and dry and blow toward Italy Sirocco is a hot, dust-and-sand-
laden wind especially common in summer blowing from Algeria northward.
Sirocco Wind
Sirocco Winds
Sirocco
Incidence: Spring and Summer
Sirocco
Effect on environment: Supports the Mediterranean
Climate with sunny, mild summers.
Cool moist fall and winter replaces Sirocco.
Sirocco
Impact on Humans: Italy Encourages rain Climate allows Italian farmers
to grow crops
Sirocco
Extension: What might happen to farmers
if the Sirocco wind blew all year long?
How might the climate of Italy be affected if there were no Sirocco wind?
Sirocco
Impact on Humans: Algeria Soil erosion from overgrazing Other poor farming practices; Desertification; Inadequate supplies of potable
water
Harmattan
Location: South of Sahara West coast of Africa Algeria, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau
Harmattan
Source of Wind: Dry, dusty wind which blows
south from the Sahara in winter.
Brings dust storms and very dry air.
Harmattan
Incidence: Blows in winter
Harmattan
Effect on environment: Generally hot and humid; Monsoonal-type rainy season (June
to November) with southwesterly winds;
Dry season (December to May) with northeasterly Harmattan winds
HarmattanImpact on humans: Hot, dry, dusty Harmattan haze
may reduce visibility during dry season
Inadequate supplies of potable water
Desertification
Discussion Questions
Extension:Is there a connection between the
Sirocco and the Harmattan? Both begin in the Sahara Sorocco blows north in summer Harmattan blows south in winter
Other Named Winds
The Levante: an easterly Mediterranean
wind bringing mild, moist air to
Gibraltar and the mainland of Spain and Africa.
Other Named WindsThe Pampero: a very cold south westerly wind in
Argentina formed in the middle of the continent blowing across the Pampas
grasslands.
Resourceshttp://www.rcn27.dial.pipex.com/cloudsrus/activities.html Games and activities on
weather, winds, and climate.
http://www.rcn27.dial.pipex.com/cloudsrus/wind.html Definitions of winds and wind patterns.
http://www.rcn27.dial.pipex.com/cloudsrus/features.html Weather and climate patterns.
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gv.html Facts and maps on most countries of the world.
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