how to write disseration/ original article. muhammad saaiq

Muhammad SaaiqAssistant ProfessorPIMS, Islamabad.

muhammadsaaiq5@gmail.com

Muhammad SaaiqMuhammad SaaiqAssistant ProfessorAssistant ProfessorPIMS, Islamabad.PIMS, Islamabad.

muhammadsaaiq5@gmail.commuhammadsaaiq5@gmail.com

Synopsis

Dissertation

Thesis

HOW TO WRITE DISSERTATION/ MEDICAL

PAPEREFFECTIVELY?

Jan 2009Jan 2009

What Prompted this Presentation

To Share knowledge / Experience with To Share knowledge / Experience with other Medical colleaguesother Medical colleagues

••Critical analysis and Interpretation of existing knowledge Critical analysis and Interpretation of existing knowledge (Review article)(Review article)••New scientific ResearchNew scientific Research••Clinical findings (Case report)Clinical findings (Case report)••OthersOthers

To Advance your institution. To Advance your institution. PrestigePrestige

To Advance yourselfTo Advance yourself••Increasing your research ability (practice makes perfect)Increasing your research ability (practice makes perfect)

Partial fulfillment of EXAMPartial fulfillment of EXAMPromotionPromotion

Why to Write

Dissertation/ SynopsisDissertation/ SynopsisEditorialEditorialOriginal ArticleOriginal ArticleReview articleReview articleCaseCase--reportreportLetter to EditorLetter to EditorShort CommunicationShort CommunicationOthers. e.g. Meta analysisOthers. e.g. Meta analysis

Types of Medical Writings

Structure of a Medical Paper/ Original Article

TitleTitleAbstractAbstractIntroductionIntroductionMaterials and MethodsMaterials and MethodsResultsResultsTablesTables

FiguresFiguresDiscussionDiscussionReferencesReferences

DISSERTATION ADDITINALLY HAS LITERATURE DISSERTATION ADDITINALLY HAS LITERATURE REVIEWREVIEW

Main Components of Article/ Dissertation

IMRAD

Non-IMRaD

IIntroductionntroductionMMaterials & Methodsaterials & MethodsRResultsesultsAnalysisDDiscussioniscussion

TitleTitleReferencesReferencesAbstarctAbstarctLITERATURE LITERATURE

REVIEWREVIEW

The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus

Roadmap for WritingRoadmap for WritingTitle

( Temporary initailly )

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion Introduction

References

Abstract

REVISE, REVISE

AND REVISE

DISSERTATION HAS LITERATURE REVIEWDISSERTATION HAS LITERATURE REVIEW ALSOALSO

INTRODUCTION

PearlsMOVE FROM;

• General to Specific

• Broad Description to a narrow one

• Historical To Latest

• International To Local

Funnel Down

INTRODUCTIONPearls (Cont’d)

The introduction should give a brief overview of the Issue in question.The main body is described in PRESENT TENSE as it is written about what is known.The last para which highlights Rationale of te study is in FUTURE tense.Has no more than 03 paras. i.e.

Background Information—what the issue is? Importance of the problem, ementioning unresolved issues.Rationale for conducting te present study, stating hypothesis

or research question.

INTRODUCTIONPitfalls

Reviewing the subject extensively.

Giving details of the experimental designs.

Referring to tables and figures.

Drawing conclusions.

What Did We Do?What Did We Do?

When?When?

Where?Where?

How?How?

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Pearls

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Pitfalls

Not explaining experimental designs in sufficient Not explaining experimental designs in sufficient details.details.

Not giving units of measurements.Not giving units of measurements.

Not using chronological sequence for methods.Not using chronological sequence for methods.

RESULTS

Pearls

What Did We Find ?What Did We Find ?

RESULTS

Pearls (Cont’d)

Variables No. of Dissatisfied patients (%)

P-value

GENDERMale ( n=76)

Female (n=57)23 (30.26%)4 (7.01%)

0.001

AGEUp-to 40 years (n=73)

> 40 years (n=60)25(34.24%)2( 3.33%)

0.000

IV: Association of dissatisfaction with Sociodemographic characteristics. ( n=133)

“The compulsion to include everything, leaving nothing out, does not prove that one has unlimited information; it proves that one lacks discrimination.”

S. Aaronson

RESULTSPitfalls

RESULTSPitfalls (Cont’d)

Giving unnecessary details; Not to the point.Giving unnecessary details; Not to the point.

Data Failing to answer the actual research Data Failing to answer the actual research question/ Hypothesis.question/ Hypothesis.

Giving OGiving Opinions, Explanations or Discussion on pinions, Explanations or Discussion on Findings.Findings.

Duplication /Repetition of Data.Duplication /Repetition of Data.

Not properly Numbering the Tables / Figures.Not properly Numbering the Tables / Figures.

DISCUSSION

Pearls

Funnel Up Approach

DISCUSSION

PitfallsProclaiming things which data of the article do not support .

Failing to discuss important and new aspects of the subject.

Failing to address the Hypothesis in question. Not giving reasons for supporting or rejecting the Hypothesis.

Making any value judgments.

Drawing conclusion based on the findings of other studies.

“ A good article has a definite structure, makes its point and then shuts up”

Stephen Lock

REFERENCES

Pearls

REFERENCES

Pearls (Cont’d)

SEQUENCE:SEQUENCE:

Correct: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9Correct: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Correct: 1,2,3,4,5, 1,4,3, 6,7, 2, 8,Correct: 1,2,3,4,5, 1,4,3, 6,7, 2, 8,

Incorrect: 1,2,35,6,3,19,4,7Incorrect: 1,2,35,6,3,19,4,7

REFERENCES

Pearls (Cont’d)

Americans National Standards Institute StyleAmericans National Standards Institute Style

Harvard StyleHarvard Style

Vancouver StyleVancouver Style

OthersOthers

Owing to its function, the hand is vulnerable to all kinds of traumatic insults. 1 The hand injuries are classified into skeletal and soft tissue injuries. 2

ReferencesReferences

1. Tymchak J. Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand. In: Thorne CH, Beasley RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear SL, eds. Grabb and Smith’s Plastic surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007: 771-80.

2. Campbell DA. Hand fractures. Surgery International 2006; 75 : 437-40.

REFERENCES

Pearls (Cont’d)

VANCOUVER STYLEVANCOUVER STYLE

REFERENCES

Pearls (Cont’d)

HARVARD STYLEHARVARD STYLEOwing to its function, the hand is vulnerable to all kinds of traumatic insults. (Tymchak J 2007 ) The hand injuries are classified into skeletal and soft tissue injuries. (Campbell DA 2006 )

ReferencesReferences

1. Campbell DA. Hand fractures. Surgery International 2006; 75 : 437-40.

2. Tymchak J. Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand. In: Thorne CH,Beasley RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear SL, eds. Grabb and Smith’s Plastic surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007: 771-80.

TITLE

Pearls

ABSTRACT

Pearls

FREQUENT GENERAL MISTAKES

INCORRECT CORRECT

DATA was analyzed DATA were analyzed

PERFORMA PROFORMA

REGIME REGIMEN

& AND

emergencypresentations1-3 . Emergency presentations. 1-3

PRESENTABLE FORMAT SHOULD BE ENSURED BEFORE

SUBMISSION

www. ICMJE.org

www.CONSORT_statement.org

www.NLM’sCiting Medicine

Guidelines for Synopsis and Dissertation Writing for CPSP

Huwiler-Müntener K, Jüni P, Junker C, Egger M. Quality of Reporting of Randomized Trials as a Measure of Methodologic Quality. JAMA 2002;287(21):2801-2804.

Garfield E. An old Proposal for a new Profession: Scientific Reviewing. The Scientist 1996;10 (16):12.

FURTHER READING