hrm- ict policies gsc
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8/8/2019 Hrm- Ict Policies Gsc
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ICT Policies & Global
Supply Chain Penetration
in Developing Countries
WSIS Facilitation Meeting on
« E-Business and E-Employment »
UNCTAD, ITC and ILO
Palais des Nations , 24 May 2007
Claudine Bichara de Oliveira
neTune, Executive Director (Brazil)
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil2
Plan
• Global Supply Chains in Developing Countries – How it Works?
– Main Obstacles
– ICT Requirements and Trends
• Policies & Practices in Latin America – Business Environment Policies
– ICT related Policies and Practices
– Innovation and IT Adoption by SMEs
• General Assessment
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil3
Global Supply/Value Chains: What is it?
“Global Value Chains cover a full range of
interrelated productive activities performed
by firms in different geographical locations to
bring out a product or a service from
conception to complete production and
delivery to final consumers”Global Value chains for Building National Productive Capacities
UNCTAD – TD/B/COM.3/79
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil4
GSC: How it Works?
Competitiveness
based on cost
reduction through:
• Just-in-time
manufacturing
• Cost of labour indeveloping
countries
Manufacturerss
Distributors Retailers Consumers Suppliers
Competition between chains Source:
VOLLMANN, T.E., CORDON,C. Making supply chain relationships work . M2000 BusinessBriefing, n.8, Lausanne , IMD, 1996.
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil5
Attractive Factors to FDI
83%
54%
52%43%
41%
30%
29%
28%
23%
23%Access to export market
Local Government Support
HR Cost & quality
Profit Repatriation
Quality of Infrastructure
Presence of Competitors
Macro-Economic Stability
Legal Environment
Political Stability
Market Share
Source: A. T. KEARNEY
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil6
Global Competition Challenges
For TNCs
• Management
• Real time data sharing
• Delivery Delays
• High demand on technology
• Infrastructure
For SMEs
• Economic Globalisation /New
Markets and Competitors
• New Products and Services• Speed of Change
• Exponential Multiplication of
Information
• Production Capability
ICT: Key Ingredient to Enhance Competitiveness
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil7
Main Obstacles in Developing Countries
• Lack of strategic vision and/or concrete actions
• Red Tape and Informal economy
• Lack of Venture Capital• Lack of technology infrastructure and logistics
• Human Resources Capabilities
• Legal Framework
- Taxes- Consumer rights- Intellectual property- Self-regulation
- Telecommunications- Security (payment, delivery…)- Electronic contracts and signatures- Internet crimes
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil8
ICT Requirements & Trends
• Ubiquitous Communication
– High Speed
– Wireless Technology
– IPv6
• Interoperability and Convergence – Multi-channel operation
– XML language
• Management Support Applications
– SCM applications
– PLM (Product Life Cycle Management)
• Security, Confidence and Trust Aplications and Services
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil9
ICT Trend - Example
• RFID - Radio Frequency Identification Technology
for contactless identification of objects.
– Barcode: product identification
– Tag: product description (what it is, where it has been,
when it expires ..)
– Antenna: always turned on, wirelessly
– Biosensor chip: information on physical condition of
materials in transit
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil10
Business Environment Policies
• Infrastructure:
Transport, Warehousing, Logistics
• Regional/Int’l Trade Agreements
• Free Trade Zone
• Tax incentives
• Financial system; Royalty
remittances & loans
• Venture Capital and funds
• Public Private partnership
• SMEs competitiveness
• HR: Development of
capabilities & educational
system
• Entrepreneurship andentrepreneurial culture
• Simplification of bureaucracy
• Intelectual property,
Trademarks
• Industrial Clustering
• International Standards
adoption
• Arbitration system adoption
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil11
ICT Related Practices and Policies
• Telecom privatisation
• National Strategy for ICT &Development
• Technology clusters
• FOSS• E-Gov Policies: online services &
e-procurement
• Skill development
– Public Awareness
– Technical support training
–High level IT education
• E-Business enabling
environment – PKI: data protection, digital
signatures & certification
– Interoperability of PKI oper. – Acceptance of digital
transactions – Business data online
validation & verification – Transport & logistics
– E-payment – Customs automation – Self regulation for high
quality of online services
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil12
Innovation and IT Adoption among SMEs
• Tax incentives to stimulate IT adoption, purchase &
production
• Funding for R&D and innovation• University - Enterprise cooperation
• E-network / linkage to int’l iniciatives
• Business Telecenters
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil13
Mexico: “Innovation for Competitiveness”
Programme
• Business Innovation Programme / CONACYT + World Bank
– Consortia and research networks
– Venture capital fund – Pre-competitive fund
– Sectoral funds
– Researchers and technologists in industry
• HR: Financing scholarships Programme / CONACYT
• Technology and innovation policy framework + international
integration
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil14
Chile: Customs Modernization / ISIDORA
• Integration of Customs procedures with those of other
public and private participants of the international supplychain such as:
– Other Government agencies (Single-Window)
– Seaports
– Warehouse administrators
– Shippers
– Transport agents
– Consolidators
Internet-Integrated Systems for the Development of Customs
Operations and Regulations
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil15
What is Brazil doing ?
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil16
Brazil : Governmental Programs
• Governmental Programs towards technologicaldevelopment and innovation adoption in the private sector (specially among SMEs)
– PAC: Program of Acceleration of Growth
– PROGEX: Program of Technological Support to Exportation – PITCE: Industrial, Technological Policies & Foreign Commerce
– PROTEC: Brazilian Society Technological Pro-Innovation
– Program for the Development of the national industry of Sw &related services
– Profarma: production, R,D&I for cies of National control
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil17
Brazil : Financial support
– Fiscal exemption: Lei do Bem
– Wages: PDTI; PDTA,for R&D&Inovation, andUniversity/enterprise cooperation: PAPPE, RBT
– Funding: Pró-Inovação (technology for supply chains); JuroZero (inovation in SMEs)
– Private Equity and Venture Capital: Inovar, Bovespa Mais,Forum Brasil
– 16 sectoral funds
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil18
Brazil : Enhancing Online Services
• ICP-Brasil / PKI
• E-Ping / Interoperability
• FOSS
• SPB / Sistema de Pagamento Brasileiro
• SISCOMEX – Sistema Integrado de Comercio Exterior + Export Fácil Web
• Sinmetro & ABNT (Certification) procedures via WEb
• NF-e : Nota Fiscal Eletrônica
• Procomex: customs modernization
• BraziltradeNet
• Business Telecenters into SMEs Clusters
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil19
General Assessment
• Red tape and high taxation• Security concerns
• Informal economy not integrated, microenterprises still lacking in everything
• Connectivity in remote rural areas• Underdeveloped transportation
infrastructure
• Lack of a “go abroad” culture
• Latin America: distinct trading groups,not a single trading block
• More emphasis on import substitutionthan international market integration
• Segmented efforts
• High potencial local market
• New multinationals emerging from
the developing countries
• New business areas: biotech,energy, environment, etc. in
traditional sectors empowered by
ICTs
• Successful associative initiatives
Still remaining obstacles Assets
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil20
How is Brazil in the picture ?
Goods Services
L o c al
Head
R em o t e
CSN
Embraer
SADIA
Grandene
SMEsClusters
Petrobras Pão de Açucar
Mendes Junior
Monsanto (soy)
Automotive
PIM-Manaus(Assembling electronics)
Unilever (food)
Telmex
Telefônica
Tata
Walmart
Petrobras
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil21
Role of International Organizations
• Situation analysis and strategy definition for e-trade
practices
• International standards and norms
• Research and information exchange with other
regions
• Capacity building at all levels
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil22
Is the World Flat ?
“Globalization has bound people, countries, markets closer than ever,rendering national borders relics of a bygone era – or so we’re told”
“[But] In fact, more than 90% of all phone calls, web traffic, andinvestment is local”
“Why the world isn’t Flat”- Pankaj Ghemawat, Harvard Business School Foreign Policy, March-april 2007 pp.54-60
“Obviously, the world is not yet flat. ….This is about trend lines and ascale of change brought on by these “flattening” new technologies.
Answer from Thomas L. Friedman – “The World is Flat” author
Foreign policy, May-June 2007 p.4 - Letters
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ICT Policies & GSC Penetration in Developing Countries
| Claudine Bichara de Oliveira | neTune Ltd, Brazil23
THANK YOU !
claudine@netune.com.br
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Tel/Fax: +55 21 2511-3129
www.netune.com.br
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