hsn chapter 02

Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite1

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite

Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite2

Introduction Introduction Layered protocol architectureTCP/IP protocol suiteOSI reference modelInternetworking

Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite3

The Need for a Protocol The Need for a Protocol ArchitectureArchitectureProcedures to exchange data between

devices can be complexHigh degree of cooperation required

between communicating systems

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Example: File transfer Example: File transfer Requires a data path to existTasks:

– Activate data communication path– Source determines that destination is ready– File transfer app destination file management

app is ready store file for user– File format conversion

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Layered Protocol ArchitectureLayered Protocol Architecture modules arranged in a vertical stackEach layer in stack:

– Performs related functions– Relies on lower layer for more primitive

functions– Provides services to next higher layer– Communicates with corresponding peer layer

of neighboring system using a protocol

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Key Features of a ProtocolKey Features of a ProtocolSet of rules or conventions to exchange

blocks of formatted dataSyntax: data formatSemantics: control information

(coordination, error handling)Timing: speed matching, sequencing

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TCP/IP LayersTCP/IP LayersPhysicalNetwork accessInternetTransport Application

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TCP and UDPTCP and UDPTCP:

– connection-oriented– Reliable packet delivery in sequence

UDP:– connectionless (datagram)– Unreliable packet delivery– Packets may arrive out of sequence or

duplicated

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Figure 2.1Figure 2.1

Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite10

Figure 2.2Figure 2.2

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Operation of TCP and IPOperation of TCP and IPIP implemented in end systems and

routers, relaying data between hostsTCP implemented only in end systems,

assuring reliable delivery of blocks of dataEach host on subnetwork has unique IP

addressEach process on each process has unique

IP port number

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Figure 2-3Figure 2-3

Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite13

Figure 2-4Figure 2-4

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TCP ApplicationsTCP ApplicationsSMTP: Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolFTP: File Transfer Protocol telnet: remote login

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OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference ModelApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkData linkphysical

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Figure 2.5Figure 2.5

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Internetworking TermsInternetworking TermsCommunication networkInternetIntranetSubnetworkEnd systemIntermediate systemBridgeRouter

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RoutersRoutersProvide link between networksAccommodate network differences:

– Addressing schemes– Maximum packet sizes– Hardware and software interfaces– Network reliability

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Figure 2-7Figure 2-7

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Figure 2-8Figure 2-8

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Figure 2-9Figure 2-9

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Figure 2-10Figure 2-10