http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth4web/05troygold.jpg
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Minoans + Mycenaeans = The Greeks
Origins of the Greeks: Minoans & Mycenaeans 2800 B.C.E. - 1500 B.C.E.
Minoans (2800-1400 BCE)
• Lived on island of Crete• Existed during Egypt’s Old
Kingdom• Government: Priest-kings• Religion: Polytheists• Cities NOT surrounded by
walls• Ship Builders & Traders• Farming• Fishing• Overpowered by
Mycenaeans by 1400 BCE
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg.
Minoans created and traded pottery, leather, bronze armor, and metal jewelry. They also enjoyed sports such as boxing and bull leaping.
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg
Minoan Religion• Built shrines on housetops, hilltops,
and in caves– Why hilltops?– Why caves?
• Offerings included:– Human hair– fruit– flowers– jewels– gold
Mother Earth
The fall of Minoan civilization is described in the legendary fight of Theseus, a young Greek prince and the Minotaur.
Relief Sculpture of Theseus and defeated Minotaurhttp://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg
Mycenaeans (2000 - 900 BCE)
• Lower Greece (lowlands)• Built fortress-palaces on hilltops• Engaged in farming, herding, olive
growing.• Traded: gold & bronze• Learned from Minoans:
Shipbuilding, navigation, gold & bronze work, fashions, art, writing.
• Better warriors than traders (pirates)
• Became most powerful people in Aegean world by 1400 BCE
• Trojan War (1200s BCE)• Conquered by Dorians (late
1200’s)
The “Dark Age” (1100 -800 BCE)
• Civil wars broke out following Trojan War
• Dorians conquered Mycenaeans
• Aegean world began era of “wandering and killing”
• Independent communities developed
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth4web/05troygold.jpg
Layered view of nine major settlements of Troy by Christopher Haussner based on archaelogical excavation.
Greek City-States
• The Hellenes, or Greeks emerge from the Dark Age• The Polis, or city-state was the center of Greek life• Polis structure:
– Acropolis (fortified hill)– Agora (marketplace at foot of acropolis)– Polis included homes, farming villages, fields, and orchards
http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowack/athens/acropolis.html
Greek Civics and Politics
• Civic and personal honor is one and the same
• The Polis (city-state) is above everything else
Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995.
A New Government
• Solon created 1st Constitution (594 BCE)– Set of principles and
rules for governing
• Purpose: To end oligarchy and to prevent uprising against government by middle and lower class
http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowack/athens/images/07.017.JPG
The FirstDemocratic Constitution• Created by Cleisthenes in 508
BCE (lasted 300 yrs.)• Limits power of rich & land
ownership• All male landowners could vote• All debts were erased• All enslaved due to debt, were
freed• All Athenians became citizens
and able to participate in government
• Assembly created to make laws
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekdemocracy_2.shtml
Representation of Cleisthenes
The Athenian Government Structure
A ssem b lyE lec ted b y A th en ian m a les
over th e ag e o f 2 0 ; S erved 1 year M ad e law s
Ten G en era lsE lec ted b y A ssem b lyR u n A rm y an d N avy
C ou c il o f F ive H u n d redS erved 2 years
C h osen b y lo t am on g c it izen sH an d led d a ily b u s in ess o f A th en s
P eric lesC om m an d er-in -C h ie f
S e lec ted b y th e e lec ted ten g en era ls
http://norfacad.pvt.k12.va.us/project/pericles/Pericles.htm
Greek Religion
The most popular priestess was a priestess in the temple of Delphi.The Delphi was the center of the world for Greeks.
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/27delphiview.jpg
Gods with human qualities (anthropomorphism)
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/mythslides1.html
Poseiden
The Courtship of Venus and Mars Aphrodite
Greek Theater• Began during festivals
honoring the god Dionysus (600 BCE)
• Types of Plays– Tragedies
• Aeschylus• Sophocles• Euripides
– Comedies
• Only men could act in plays
• A civic responsibility
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/28feastofgods.jpg
The Great Greek Philosophers• Socrates• Plato• Aristotle
http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/PHIL/cpshelle/Gallery/Greek/aristotle.jpg
Socrates (469-399 BCE)• Stonemason, spent
time arguing with assembly
• Taught: Question everything, use step-by-step questioning to final conclusion (Socaratic Method)
• Executed for denying gods, corrupting youth, and trying to overthrow gov.Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995
http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/
Plato (427-347 BCE)
• Pupil of Socrates• Recorded speeches
of Socrates• Father of Political
Science• Founded The
Academy to train government leaders
• Wrote The Republic & The Dialogues
http://plato.evansville.edu/
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