http:// the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (pgrfa):...
Post on 13-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
The international Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
(PGRFA): Inter-dependence of countries
Dr. Shakeel BhattiSecretary
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculturegeneral aspects and research opportunities
Rome, 5 November 2009
http
://ww
w.p
lanttre
aty
.org
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Overview– Introduction: the International Treaty
– Main Achievements since 2007• Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing• Funding Strategy: Call for Proposals for Benefit-sharing
Fund
– 4th Session of Governing Body• PGRFA, Climate Change and Food Security
– Discussion
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
The scope of the Treaty is all plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
J. T. Esquinas
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
What Are the Treaty’s Objectives?
• The conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
• The fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from their use, in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, for sustainable agriculture and food security
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Special Features of PGRFA - I
• The fundamental role of PGRFA and of their exchange for satisfying basic human needs, including global food security and sustainable agriculture;
• The interdependence of countries regarding GRFA, i.e. the fact that all countries depend largely on GRFA that originated elsewhere;
• The fact that many PGRFA have been developed over long periods of time based on material originating from different parts of the world, and thus, often are the products of many generations of people from many different countries;
• PGRFA are handled in large numbers of samples and sometimes, for example in the case of biological control, require that access be granted very quickly;
• The fact that the purpose of such accessions is usually known, i.e. the ultimate use of the final products for food and agriculture;
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Special Feature of PGRFA - II
• The existence of traditional and customary exchange patterns applicable to many PGRFA, indigenous knowledge and culture are integral parts of the management of PGRFA;
• For many PGRFA, human use is a fundamental condition for, rather than a threat to their survival; and
• The interaction between the environment, genetic resources and management practices that occurs in situ within agro-ecosystems often contributes to maintaining a dynamic portfolio of agricultural biodiversity.
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Multilateral System
P1
R1
R2
SMTA2
SMTA1
SMTA3
On-farm conservation
On-farm conservation
information exchange &
tech.transfer
information exchange &
tech.transfer
sustainable use
sustainable use
1,1% of net sales
PrioritiesCriteria
Operational Procedures
PrivateSectorVoluntary
contributions(eg, NW, IT)
Benefit-sharing fund
Benefit-sharing fund
CP
Int’l org Natural and legal person
Others
OthersInternational Treaty Main Operational Systems & Mechanisms
priority: farmers in developing countries who conserve and sustainably
utilize PGRFA
100,000+ transfers 07
600+ transfer/day
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Jan-
07
Mar
-07
May
-07
Jul-0
7
Sep-0
7
Nov-07
Jan-
08
Mar
-08
Number of SMTAs from IRRI – by Month
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
366 55%
25 4%
579%
212 32%
Public
Private
Individual
Academic
Transfers of Rice Germplasm Under SMTAs From IRRI – Global IRRI Transfers by Sector
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Australia China India USA Phillipines
Public
Private
Academic
Individual
Transfers of Rice Germplasm Under SMTAs From IRRI – by Sector and
Country
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Policy: The Governing Body (GB)Timelime
2001- Adopted by the FAO Conference
2004 - Entered into force
2006 – First Session of the GB (Madrid)
SMTA & Funding Strategy adopted
2007 – Second Session of the GB (Rome)
Annexes of Funding Strategy adopted
1-5 June 2009 – Third Session of the GB (Tunis)
Benefit-sharing Projects Approved
2011 – Fourth Session of the GB (Indonesia)
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Progress since 2007 Legal and Policy Aspects
• Treaty has moved from text to operational system;
• Several technical and practical questions that have been raised by users in day-to-day operations worldwide;
• The GB provides guidance and takes major decisions on future management of the Gene pool.
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Funding Strategy (FS)
• Article 18 of the Treaty• 2006: Adopted at First Governing Body• 2007: Second Governing Body:
– adopted Annexes 1-3 and– delegated responsibility for project approval to
the Bureau
• 2008: opened Call for Proposals• 2009: Third Governing Body:
– Strategic Plan for resources mobilization – Target– Projects under the Benefit-sharing Fund
approved
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Challenges for the Treaty
• Further operationalize MLS; • 2nd cycle of the Benefit-sharing Fund;• recognize two-fold nature of the Treaty:
– intergovernmental process;– operational systems & mechanisms;
• Maintain policy and operational coherence in Treaty implementation;
• Improve communication on Treaty & ongoing operation and evolution;
• Facilitate interaction between Contracting Parties & users & other stakeholders;
• Address the challenges of the agricultural sector in a changing environment (biodiversity loss, food prices, climate change, development, etc.);
• Leverage Treaty as a model for other sectors.
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Policy relevance of the Treaty• The only fully operational, international Access and
Benefit-sharing System for plant genetic resources;• Represents the agricultural sector and its specificity
within Plant Genetic Resources policy, while:• Providing innovative instrument to address
simultaneously several global challenges:– genetic erosion and biodiversity loss;– rural poverty of small-holder farmers; – food crisis and escalation of food prices;– crop adaptation to climate change;– bottom-up approach to development policy in
agriculture;• Becoming a model for numerous other sectors, eg.
WHO, animal genetic resources, UNCLOS, etc.
http
://w
ww
.pla
nttre
aty
.org
Indonesia 2011 – GB4
Climate Change, Food Security and role of genetic resources
top related