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IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
1BILL ROSS
Application SecurityBILL ROSS
15 Sept 2008
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
“ “ Balancing security controls to business requirements “Balancing security controls to business requirements “
“ “ The Invisible Person …. The Invisible Person …. The Security Architect “The Security Architect “
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
“ We are in a CYBER War and corporations and governments are being clobbered by
an invisible enemy that, at times, seems to own numerous private networks.
Information Security Teams across the globe are fighting the good fight and win and
lose in this battle. Every year thousands of articles and conferences across the
globe address this challenge and when one reads the literature and attends the
meetings, one gleans that a core weapon is missing in the discussion:
Cohesive risk and business based information security architecture
Systematically and strategically planned and executed
An Information Security Architect with a “Ninja war fighting spirit”
“ Will the real Information Security Architect step out of the shadows and
reveal him/her self so we all know who and what we are? “
INFOSECFORCE 2012
Critical Reason for ISA ExcellenceCritical Reason for ISA Excellence
Undeclared global cyber war
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE Searching for YETI ?Searching for YETI ?
The Invisible Person
The Security Architect
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
The ISA brief objectivesThe ISA brief objectives
Background:
Invisible person thought piece written 8/12/2012 … posted on ONLY two blogs … almost 600 global requests.
Purpose:
Discuss definition and roles of an information security architect (ISA)?
Is there a problem ?
Examine possible industry ISA interpretations ?
Review information security models ?
System Security Architecture Implementation Models ?
Expected outcome:
Enhanced awareness of the an ISA roles and responsibilities
More writings and better certifications and definitions
More securely built applications and infrastructure
Not the “ Big Bang Theory “
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
ISA. Information Security Architect or Information Security Architecture
ISC. Information Security Community
SABSA. Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture
OSA. Open Security Architecture
TAFIM. Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management
TRM. Technical Reference Model
EA. Enterprise Architecture
GISAA. Global Information Security Architecture Association
JD. Job description
ISSAP. Information Security Systems Architect Professional
ISO. International Standards Organization
IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
OPERA. Open Protocol Enabling Risk Aggregation
NIST. National Institute of Standards and Technology
Acronyms glossary
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Personal ISA experiences Personal ISA experiences
Have built Security Architectures/plans/road maps, designed strategies, hired Security Architects and mentored them BUT I am not a true architect …. Just like to cobble things together.
Enthralled by TAFIM in the 1990’s
Built the Tactical Collection Framework for Central American Wars
Integrated the Air Force SOF and regular USAF Intelligence architectures
Base lined the technical architecture for the global Army Material
Command
For CSC, managed deploying JP Morgan’s first global security architecture
Built the security technical road map for the Federal Reserve IT
Appointed someone as the Federal Reserve’s first security architect
Hired the security architect for the Northrop VITA contract
Hired by AXA Tech as the Security Architect
Defined strategy for the Information Risk Architecture Framework (IRAF)
Security Architect for AIG at United Guaranty Corporation
Wrote “ The Invisible Person …. the Security Architect “
Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture Trained
SAIC Information Assurance Architect
Self appointed INFOSECFORCE llc Security Process Architect
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Architecture has its origins in the building of towns and cities, and everyone
understands this sense of the word, so it makes sense to begin by examining the
meaning of ‘architecture’ in this traditional context.
Architecture is a set of rules and conventions by which we create buildings that
serve the purposes for which we intend them, both functionally and
aesthetically. ‘
Architecture is founded upon an understanding of the requirements that it must fulfil.
These needs are expressed in terms of function, aesthetics, culture, government
policies and civil priorities.
Architecture is also both driven and constrained by a number of specific factors.
The Origins of Architecture The Origins of Architecture
Man’s primordial need to scream build
IT Architect
IT Enterprise Architecture Evolution
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Why over 600 global requests for the paper in two years ?
Two Possible Reasons Why
Background analysesBackground analyses
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE Egregious data breaches this yearEgregious data breaches this year Which should not be on this list?Which should not be on this list?
Source http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/worlds-biggest-data-breaches-hacks/
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Source: http://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/fireeye-real-world-assessment.pdf
Will anything stop them ?Will anything stop them ?
“ Defense in Depth Cyber = Security’s Maginot Line ? “
“Sample : 1216 organizations, 63 countries, 20 industries, 67 Billion spent on security”
Did the Security Architecture Fail ?
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Information Security Architect and Information Security Architecture
The Information Security Community (ISC) does not yet have a consistent and recognized universal definition defining what an ISA is BUT we are possibly gaining on it.
Now being integrated sometimes in IT standard frameworks for what an ISA should accomplish. (EA, TOGAF, DoDAF, Zackman)
Security community standards and certifications ISA (SABSA, OSA, ISC2, Huxham )
As such, wide ranging ISA job descriptions
Given the lack of an ISA standard, the Security
Architect sometimes struggles in his role as what he/she
thinks he/she should do is not what the company thinks
they hired him for.
SOURCE: http://securityarchitecture.com/docs/Security_Management_Frameworks.pdf
ISA Operational reportISA Operational report
Current indicators
Note about Enterprise Architecture
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Relentless attacks hurting INFOSEC reputation
Focus on frameworks like NIST and PCI versus architecting and engineering
Enterprise Architecture, TOGAF and ISO 27001 just now integrating SABSA
Multiple IT and then Security Architecture frameworks …. Overwhelming
Various interpretations of what an Information Security Architect is
Scant references in the trades of the importance of integrating security
SABSA and ISC2 certs but need Engineering equivalents
SABSA the closest thing to ISA champion (like early ITIL mostly offshore)
No true professional organization like “ The Global Information Security Architect
Association (GISAA) “
Forthcoming and relentless Cyber Attacks
ISA challenge ? ISA challenge ?
Working on to good ……………
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
JDs exemplify organizational ISA Soul Searching
1.Extremely technical in one or two security technologies such as Firewalls or
intrusion detection devices.
2. Extremely technical on all aspects of security but cannot connect the architecture
to business requirements and the overall strategy. Could install a HIDS or even a
firewall but the person did not design a strategy on how these systems could
operationally and tactically integrate as part of the intrusion detection framework.
3. Extremely technical engineer and strategists who also has a holistic view of the
business objectives and the requirements definition process.
4. Highly technical and can combine all aspects of risk management and business
requirements into a cohesive strategy and technical plan.
5. Calling the security director or security manager the security architect
Various ISA job descriptionsVarious ISA job descriptions
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Great High Medium LowExtremely technical in one or two technologies like firewalls X
Extremely technical in all things security technology but no business acumen
X
Extremely technical engineer and strategists who also has a holistic view of the business objectives and the requirements definition process.
X
Highly technical and can combine all aspects of risk management and business requirements into a cohesive strategy and technical plan.
X
Calling the security director or security manager the security architect
X
10 years experience in information security X X
SABSA, TOGAF, OSA, Brackman trained and certified X X
Highly experienced in one of these frameworks NIST, SANS, ISO 27001, COBIT, Cyber Security Framework, PCI, FTI, FISMA, DIACAP, RMF
X X
ITIL, CISSP, GIAC, EE, DISA X X X X
Likelihood of succeeding as an ISALikelihood of succeeding as an ISA
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Optimum ISA Job Description
” An information security architect should have at least 10 years experience in
information security and at one point in his/her career should have had hands on
technical experience in anything from help desk support to being a UNIX or data
base administrator. This person should have extensive knowledge of security
platforms, has managed acquisition efforts, identity access management, cyber
warfare, and governance as it is translated from security standards and policies
into an operational technical environment that is aligned with the core business
processes be they financial institutions like JP Morgan or e-commerce giants like
Amazon or Best Buy. This person should have served on the front lines of cyber
battles such as NIMDA, LUZ or APT. Optimally, the person is ITIL certified, has an
EE degree, is a visionary, and understands security support business objectives.
Ultimately, the Security Architect is a perfect blend of a highly skilled security
engineer, a governance and policy expert, an enterprise architect, and a business
savvy professional with a Ninja spirit. “
Who ya gonna call ?
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE SAN think SAN think
“ Can you build a Defense in Depth architecture without an architect ? “
“ Of course, you are not going to get very far with an architectural approach to Defense in Depth without an architect. Unfortunately, the industry is still unclear as to exactly what an IT Security Architect is.
The concept is, however, starting to mature.
(ISC)2 organization has created an ISSAP (Information Systems Security Architecture Professional) certification[2].
SABSA organization has three levels of certifications for Security Architects: Foundation, Practitioner, and Master.
There are job opportunities for positions labeled as "Security Architects," although many times they sound more like engineers than architects.
Though specific knowledge about systems and networks is important, an architect should have the ability to assemble and disassemble pieces of knowledge to/from a whole. “
Stephen Northcutt, J. Michael Butler and the GIAC Advisory Board
Source: http://www.sans.edu/research/security-laboratory/article/security-architect
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE ISA Certification syllabusesISA Certification syllabuses
SABSA•Define enterprise security architecture, its role, objectives and benefits•Describe the SABSA model, architecture matrix, service management matrix and terminology•Describe SABSA principles, framework, approach and lifecycle•Use business goals and objectives to engineer information security requirements•Create a business attributes taxonomy•Apply key architectural defence-in-depth concepts•Explain security engineering principles, methods and techniques•Use an architected approach to design an integrated compliance framework•Describe and design appropriate policy architecture•Define security architecture value proposition,•Use SABSA to create an holistic framework to align and integrate standards
SABSA cont,•Describe roles, responsibilities, decision-making and organisational structure•Explain the integration of SABSA into a service management environment•Define Security Services•Describe the placement of security services within ICT Infrastructure•Create a SABSA Trust Model•Describe and model security associations intra-domain and inter-domain•Explain temporal factors in security and sequence security services•Determine an appropriate start-up approach for SABSA Architecture•Apply SABSA Foundation level competencies to the benefit of your organisation
ISC 2 ISSAP•Access Control Systems and Methodology •Communications & Network Security •Cryptography •Security Architecture Analysis •Technology Related Business Continuity Planning (BCP) & Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) •Physical Security Considerations
NOTE: ISSAP capitalizes on CISSP training
Two prime ISA Certifications
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Being a Successful Information Security Architect
‘” Unless the security architecture can address a wide range of operational requirements and provide real business support and business enablement, rather than just focusing upon ‘security’, then it is likely that it will fail to deliver what the business expects and needs. “
Common phenomenon throughout the information systems industry,
Being a successful security architect means thinking in business terms at all times,
You always need to have in mind the questions: Why are you doing this? What are you trying to achieve in business terms here? Otherwise you will lose the thread and finish up making all the classic mistakes.
Do not understand strategic architecture, and who think that it is all to do with technology.
Buy-in and sponsorship from senior management
Enterprise architecture cannot be achieved unless the most senior decision-makers are on your side.
Creating this environment of acceptance and support is probably one of the most difficult tasks that you will face in the early stages of your work.
Source SABSA
What’s will it take?What’s will it take?
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
ISA Situation
Onslaught of cyber attacks costing millions in damages and loss of consumer trust
Numerous interpretations of ISA limit organizational success in ISA While improving, need more global awareness of the essential importance of
“Building Security In” SABSA and ISSAP good but not good enough Standards like NIST and PCI good but not nearly good enough
Action Plan
Bring the ISA out of the Shadows or redefine what an ISA is Industry and government ISA punctuation greatly needed Need to create an ISO or IEEE level standard Make it an engineering science as is an EE degree Trades like SC, CISO, Information Week and companies like RSA, Symantec,
Verizon, need to champion ISA Somehow, someway create GISAA
ISAISA
ISA challenge summaryISA challenge summary
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
The eloquent designsThe eloquent designs
The IT and Security “Architecture” Designs …… thinking and planning
Source: http://antifan-real.deviantart.com/art/Grand-Universe-17189369
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE ISA Landscape by OSAISA Landscape by OSA
Source: http://www.opensecurityarchitecture.org
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Source: http://www.opensecurityarchitecture.org/cms/library/patternlandscape/315-sp-026-pci-full
PCI OSA PatternPCI OSA Pattern
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE TOGAF development processTOGAF development process
Source: http://www.opengroup.org/subjectareas/enterprise/togaf
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE Implementing a framework or Implementing a framework or enterprise improvementsenterprise improvements
COBIT
ISO 27001
PCI
NIST RMF
OPERA
HIPPA
UCF SOX
NIST CSF
Security Engineering
& Architecture
SANS Top 20
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Enterprise Security Architecture Asynchronous Planning
Information security solutions are often designed, acquired and installed on a tactical basis.
“ A requirement is identified, a specification is developed and a solution is sought to meet that situation.
Strategic dimension Not considered
Mixture of technical solutions on an ad hoc basis, each independently designed and specified and with no guarantee that they will be compatible and inter-operable.
No analysis of the long-term costs, especially the operational costs which make up a large proportion of the total cost of ownership, no strategy that can be identifiably said to support the goals of the business.
Fundamental Enterprise Security Fundamental Enterprise Security Architecture Planning IssueArchitecture Planning Issue
Source: SABSA
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Development of an enterprise security architecture which is business-driven
A structured inter-relationship between the technical and procedural solutions to support the long-term needs of the business.
Must provide a rational framework within which decisions can be made based on an understanding of the business requirements, including:
The need for cost reduction Modularity Scalability Ease of component re-use Operability Usability Inter-operability both internally and externally Integration with the enterprise IT architecture and its legacy systems.
Enterprise Security Architecture Enterprise Security Architecture Planning SolutionPlanning Solution
Security Architecture Planning is the missing piece of the puzzle
Source: SABSA
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE Security Architecture ApproachSecurity Architecture Approach
Holistic Approach
Mistake = believing that building security into information systems is simply a matter of referring to a checklist of technical and procedural controls and applying the appropriate security measures on the list.
Car example
A car is a good example of a complex system. It has many sub-systems, which in turn have sub-systems, and eventually a very large number components. Designing and building a car needs a ‘systems-engineering’ approach.
Architecture system approach
Do you understand the requirements? Do you have a design philosophy? Do you have all of the components? Do these components work together? Do they form an integrated system? Does the system run smoothly Are you assured that it is properly assembled? Is the system properly tuned? Do you operate the system correctly Do you maintain the system?
Are PCI, NIST, SANS Top 20,
DIACAP architectures
?
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE Implementation tool and designs Implementation tool and designs
Keeping it simple
System security plan that defines risk, architecture and controls
Control framework of your choosing such as NIST CSF, PCI and etc
Plan, Build, Deploy, and Operate Project Plan
Risk management analysis (process and technology gaps)
SABSA framework sheet establishing overall situational awareness
OSA patterns
High level engineering design
Detailed engineering design
Excruciating detailed test plans
Implementation plan
Policy, process and procedures
Certification and accreditation
Continuous control monitoring plan
Production security
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Architect/Engineer/Implement?Architect/Engineer/Implement?
Implementing a framework or a system
PLAN DEPLOYBUILD OPERATE
Define:
- Feasibility- Business case- Initial risk assessment - Requirements- Security CIA- Charter- System type- System security plan- Baseline
Define: - EA Architecture plan- System risk level- Applicable security control requirements - High level design- Detailed design- Functional design
Define: - Test, test, test- Acceptance- Procedure- Process- CONOPS- Certify and attest
Define:
- Vulnerability mgt- Pent Test mgt- Continuous logging and monitoring- Compliance plan PCI/SOX- Patch mgt- Security CIA- Change mgt- Incident response
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE SLCMP SLCMP and theand the SDLC … SDLC …“The Dance” “The Dance”
Statement of need for new business process, application or technology
Functional requirements document designed
Design and technical architecture developed
Code development
1 st phase prod testing
QA
PLAN BUILD Deploy
Pre prod Prod Post Prod
OPERATE
INFOSEC participation in feasibility analyses, no documentation required
Build the System Security Plan based on NIST 800-53 control guidelines. Preliminary risk and vulnerability assessment done. Measures requirements against policy and provides functional adjustments. Security requirements stated based on preliminary risk and vulnerability assessments. If necessary, requirements document adjusted
INFOSEC architecture document created based on data security categorization, policy, application functionality and risk and vulnerability assessments
Integrate controls and create detailed application security test plan defining testing tools, timelines, remedial action processes and testers. Gain approval from project manager.
First phase application security testing. Once code begins solidifying, use soft tools such as AppScan or Spi Dynamics for high level testing. Feedback findings to developers for code correction
Second phase app security testing using formalized process to decompile code as much as possible to determine if code has organic exposures violating policy, security design, and the security architecture. Correct findings and provide to developers to fix or define mitigating controls. Aspect security has expertise in this area
Third phase app security test which follows phase one testing process. Used as final verification that code is stable from INFOSEC perspective
Create final risk acceptance document
Application and infrastructure penetration testing
Server cert
2 nd phase prod testing
Ongoing pen tests, vulnerability assessments, risk management
* * Security certification and accreditation should be finalized
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE The ISA does not exist after allThe ISA does not exist after all
ISA Not an architect after all
Engineer defining and implementing security requirements
Implementing the security components of an enterprise architect
solution
Integrated and symbiotic with the enterprise architecture
Security processes that run on the infrastructure and something the
business enterprise can not do without
It is a senior engineer that guides the construction and implementation of the
security components
ISAISA
Paradigm shift (ed)
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
We are at war
A Security Architect can define strategies to defeat the aggressors.
The IT industry governance boards (ISO …. IEEE) needs to standardize its doctrine and strategy to define the ISA
Organizations need to hire the right people for ISA jobs
Reduce confusing the Senior Security Engineers with the roles and responsibilities of an Information Security Architect.
While they are complimentary in nature, the roles are different.
Ultimately though …. is the discussion over …. Incorporate ISA into the EA solution for consistent and seamless IT architecture and operational builds?
Invisible person conclusionInvisible person conclusion
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
Contact informationContact information
Marion Ross, INFOSECFORCE llc, President
Phone:804-387-9253
Bill Ross, INFOSECFORCE llc, Security Process Architect
Phone: 804-855-4988
Email: INFOSECFORCE@YAHOO.com
Application Security
BILL ROSS
15 Sept 2008
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE
“ “ Balancing security controls to business requirements “Balancing security controls to business requirements “
IINFOSECFORCENFOSECFORCE Enterprise Security Architecture Enterprise Security Architecture
• Information security solutions often designed, acquired and installed on a tactical basis.
• No strategic dimension
• Organization builds up a mixture of technical solutions on an ad hoc basis ‘
• No guarantee that they will be compatible and inter-operable.
• Solution is to base decisions on business requirements, including:
The need for cost reduction Modularity Scalability Ease of component re-use Operability Usability Inter-operability both internally and externally Integration with the enterprise IT architecture and its legacy systems.
Ad hoc, not integrated not planned and costly
Security is business
Source: http://www.intigrow.com/enterprise-security-architecture-design.html
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