i. tropical africa & asia (1200-1500) africa: the “tropical” continent tropic of cancer 20°...
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I. Tropical Africa & Asia I. Tropical Africa & Asia (1200-1500)(1200-1500)
I. Tropical Africa & Asia I. Tropical Africa & Asia (1200-1500)(1200-1500)
Africa:
The“Tropical
”Continent
Tropic of Cancer 20° N
Tropic of Capricorn20° S
Equator 0°
Vegetation Zones
A. Tropical EnvironmentA. Tropical Environment
1. equator marks center of the tropical zone: Africa, India, S.E. Asia
2. cycle of rainy & dry seasons in tropics
--dry air in E. Africa/Arabia
--moist air in W. Africa & S.E. Asia (monsoons)
3. Central Africa: grasslands & jungle (Congo)
1. Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta (1304-1369): Muslim scholar from Morocco who explored the Islamic world
2. Battuta’s journal provides thorough historical data
B. Ibn BattutaB. Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta’s TravelsIbn Battuta’s Travels
-- Ibn Battuta covered more than 73,000 miles (twice as many as Marco Polo)
C. African KingdomsC. African Kingdoms
1. Ghana 750-1076
2. Mali 1235-1610
3. Songhay 1464-1612
4. Great Zimbabwe 11th-15th C.E.
5. Swahili coast 12th-15th C.E.
D. Mali Empire (1235-1610)D. Mali Empire (1235-1610)1. The state founded by Sundiata
2. wealth from the Trans-Saharan trade route
3. Mali: contained 3 immense gold mines & empire taxed every ounce of gold or salt
4. profound cultural diffusion along the Niger River
--greatest king of Mali: Mansa Musa (1312-1337)
--developed the gold & salt trade
--Mansa Musa was a Muslim & built mosques across w. Africa
--1324 he made the hajj to Mecca & brought 60,000 servants with 4,000 lbs. of gold
5. Mansa 5. Mansa MusaMusa
Mosque in MaliMosque in Mali
Ancient Ancient TimbuktuTimbuktu
I. Delhi I. Delhi Sultanate Sultanate
(1206-1526)
A. Muslim Rule in IndiaA. Muslim Rule in India1. Fall of the Gupta Empire: in the 500’s India broke apart into small kingdoms
3. Muslim Raiders:
--early 700’s, Muslim raiders conquered Sind (Pakistan)
--by 1200’s, most of northern India under Muslim control
--Mongols (Mughals) invade NW India
2. The Arrival of Islam
--Arab Muslim traders arrived in India
--traders sailed to ports on west coast in search of spices spices (Indian Ocean Trade)
--traders settled in India; lived peacefully beside Hindus, Buddhists
Mongol Empire
Russia
Sung China
Koryo
Kamakura JapanDelhi
Sultanate
Scandanavian Kingdoms
Mali
Zimbabwe
BeninOyo
France
Ethiopia
Ayyubid Caliphate
Almohad Caliphate
Poland
Rum
H.R.E.
Hungary
England
Portugal
Spain
States & Empires in 1237 CE
Angkor
B. Delhi SultanateB. Delhi Sultanate
--once Muslims took control of north India, established new government for region based in city of Delhi
--government became known as Delhi SultanateDelhi Sultanate
--rulers in sultanate tolerant, allowed traditional customs, religions
C. Blending of CulturesC. Blending of Cultures
--rulers also worked to spread Muslim culture through India--invited artists, scholars from other parts of Islamic world--new culture formed, blending Muslim & Indian
elements
Ex: new language, Urdu, formed from Arabic & Sanskrit
D.D. DeclineDecline
-- the Delhi Sultanate remained strong for about 300 years
-- introduced extensive new water-control systems
-- Timur invades Delhi in 1398 & by early 1500’s the Mughal Empire takes power
Change & Continuity over Time Essay (CCOT)
1. Acceptable thesis
2. Address ALL parts of the question
3. Region, Theme, Dates
4. Changes AND Continuity
5. MUST take a position on type of change
I. Prewrite
Change topic -3 Facts-Analysis phrase
Continuity topic -3 Facts -Analysis
phrase
Global Context topic -3 Facts -Analysis
phrase
II. Essay format - CCOT
1. Thesis Paragraph (must show change & continuity)
2. Body Paragraph #1– Change Topic Sentence– 3 Facts– Analysis: This changed occurred because ….
3. Body Paragraph #2 – Continuity Topic Sentence– 3 Facts– Analysis: Due to the …………
4. Body Paragraph #3– Global context topic sentence– Analysis of changes and continuities to other
regions
5. Conclusion
Analyze the prompt!Analyze the prompt!
1. Note the topic
2. Note the time period
3. Something changed and something stayed the same!
Thesis Writing Exercise
Discuss the changes & continuities of how Islam spread in India from the 6th century to the 16th-century?
Thesis?
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