identification of textile fiber

TEXTILE FIBER REPORT

By Chaudhry MufaazTS1-A

Cotton fiber is a single elongated cell.

Under a microscope , cotton fiber looks like flat , spirally twisted ribbon-like tube with rough granular surface. Mercised cotton does not have natural twist. The finishing process makes them swollen,straight,smooth and round with a shining surface.

MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF COTTON

COTTON

SOLUBLE IN Cuprammonium hydroxide.

INSOULUBLE IN 80% formic acid

xylene(boiling) Xyledimethylbenzene is

an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture consisting of a benzene ne, xylol or ring with two methyl groups at various substituted positions. 

Formula: C8H10

COTTON

BURNING TEST BURN CHARACTER:

steady flame/yellow flame.

SMOKE/SMELL: burning paper.

RESIDUE: soft dark ash

BURN TEST VIEW

COTTON

Wool fiber has irregular,roughly cylindrical,multi cellular structure with tapered ends. Under a microscope,three basic layers are shown epidermis(outer layer) , cortex (midddle layer) and medulla (inner layer) medula seen only in coarse.

MICROSCPIC VIEW OF WOOL

WOOL

SOLUBLE IN Molar sodium

hypochlorite Boiling 5% sodium hydroxide

INSOLUBLE IN Cold meta cresol 80%

formic acid. meta-Cresol, also 3-

methylphenol, is an organic compound with the formula CH₃C₆H₄. It is a colourless, viscous liquid that is an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.

WOOL

BURNING TEST Burn Character: self-

extinguishing Smoke/Smell:

burning hair/feathers. Residue: irregular

hollow bead Notes: shrinks from

flame.

BURN TEST VIEW

WOOL

Linen fiber under a microscope , looks like having sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed edges. The filament show nodes at intervals . It in fact looks like a bamboo stick having joints that results into a little unevenness.

MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LINEN

LINEN

SOLUBLE IN 75% (m/m) sulphuric

acid (slowly and may be partly only) swells in cuprammonium hydroxide.

INSOLUBLE IN Xylene (boiling) Meta

cresol.

LINEN

BURN TEST Burn Character: slow

to ignite Smoke/Smell :

burning paper. Residue: fine gray

ash.

BURN TEST VIEW

LINEN

Silk fibers are straight and smooth.

Raw silk fiber composed of two filaments , has elliptical shape under the microscope.

Two fine and lustrous filaments are shown clearly looking like transparent rods with triangular shape

Wild silk or tussah fiber has different appearance then cultivated fiber .It is flattened , coarse thick and broader fiber having fine line on its surface where as cultivated silk is narrower fiber with no marks on.

MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF SILK

SILK

SOLUBLE IN cuprammonium

hydroxide Molar sodium

hypochlorite

INSOLUBLE IN Xylene (boiling)

Meta cresol.

SILK

BURN TEST Burn Character:

burns slowly/self-extinguishing.

Smoke/Smell: burning hair.

Residue: irregular soft bead.

Notes: doesn't shrink from flame.

BURN TEST VIEW

SILK

Polyester (aka Terylene) is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain.

Generally polyester fiber are smooth and straight and crossection in the round.

MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF

POLYESTER

POLYESTER

SOLUBLE IN Hot meta cresol

dicholroacetic acid

INSOLUBLE IN Cold meta cresol

80% formic acid

POLYESTER

BURN TEST Burn Character:

melts and burns. Smoke/Smell:

sweet chemical. Residue: hard

black bead. Notes: melted

fiber drips black smoke.

BURN TEST VIEW

POLYESTER

The basic microscopic appearance is generally fine ,round , smooth and translucent.

Some times it has shiny appearance .if it looks dull ,it will also be dotted under the microscope.

MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF NYLON

NYLON

SOLUBLE IN 80% formic acid

cold meta cresol.

INSOLUBLE IN cuprammonium

hydroxide. Dichloromethane

NYLON

BURN TEST Burn Character:

melts and burns. Smoke/Smell:

celery odor. Residue: hard

black bead. Notes: melted

fiber drips.

BURN TEST VIEW

NYLON

Longitudinal View       :  Cross wise marks called nodes or joints.

Cross sectional view   :  The fibres have a small central canal similar to the lumen in      cotton.Several sided or polygonal with rounded edges.

MICROSCOPIC VIEW

JUTE

SOLUBLE IN 75% (m/m) sulphuric

acid (slowly and may be partly only) swells in cuprammonium hydroxide

INSOLUBLE IN Xylene (boiling) Meta

cresol.

JUTE

BURN TEST Burn Character:

slow to ignite. Smoke/

Smell:burning paper

Residue: fine gray ash

BURN TEST VIEW

JUTE

 Longitudinal View       :  Uniform diameter with striation running parallel to the fiber axis.

Cross sectional view   : Differ in cross sectional appearance according to the process used . Basically has a irregular cross section.

MICROSCOPIC VIEW

VISCOSE

SOLUBLE IN cuprammonium

hydroxide.

INSOLUBLE IN Xylene boiling 5%

of sodium hydroxide.

VISCOSE

BURN TEST Burn Character:

burns rapidly. Smoke/Smell:

burning leaves. Residue: soft gray

ash.

BURN TEST VIEW

VISCOSE

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