“if you can’t answer a man’s arguments all is not lost: you can still call him vile names”

“If you can’t answer a man’s arguments all is not lost: you can still call him vile names”

Elbert Hubbard

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Christopher Columbus, Spanish explorer, as young man.

The Atlantic World,1492–1800

Europeans explore and colonize the Americas, disrupting native civilizations, and build the slave trade to support plantations in the New World.

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The Atlantic World,1492–1800

Map

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

Spain Builds an American Empire

European Nations Settle North America

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade

Chart

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Chapter Overview

The European exploration and colonization of the Americas lead to an economic and cultural revolution in Europe and the devastation of Native American cultures in the New World.

20CHAPTER The Atlantic World,

1492–1800

1492 Columbus makes first voyage.

1521 Cortés conquers Aztec Empire.

1607 English found Jamestown.

1608 Champlain claims Quebec for France.

1754 French and Indian War begins.

20CHAPTER

Time Line

1492 1800

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The Atlantic World, 1492–1800

1533 Pizarro conquers Inca Empire.

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Section 1

Spain Builds an AmericanEmpire The voyages of Columbus prompt the Spanish toestablish colonies in the Americas.

Know: The major events in the establishment of Spain’s empire in the Americas beginning with Columbus’s arrival.

Show: Complete the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Pair share, Quiz

Columbus lands in the Caribbean Islands, and Spain and Portugal begin the colonization of the Americas. The Spanish destroy the Aztec and Inca empires.

OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment

Key Idea

Spanish Conquests in the Americas

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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW

The voyages of Columbus prompted the Spanish to carve out the first European colonies in the Americas.

Throughout the Americas, Spanish culture, language, and descendants are the legacy of this period.

Overview

Spanish Conquests in the Americas

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AssessmentAssessment

• Christopher Columbus

• colony

• Hernando Cortés

• conquistadors

• Montezuma II

• Francisco Pizarro

• mestizo

• encomienda

TERMS & NAMES

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The Voyages of Columbus Spain Builds an American Empire

First Encounters• Genoese sea captain Christopher Columbus reaches Americas (1492)• Thinks he is in East Indies, calls natives “los indios”—Indians• Actually lands on an island, probably in the Bahamas• Unable to find gold, he claims many islands for Spain• In 1493, he sets out for the Americas again with a large fleet• Spain aims to set up colonies—lands controlled by a foreign nation

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Continued . . .

Which land did Columbus think he found?1.Asia2.Africa3.India4.Greenland

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continued The Voyages of Columbus SECTION

1Other Explorers Take to the Seas• Pedro Álvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal

(1500)• Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as new

continent (1501)• In 1507, German mapmaker names the continent

America • Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean• Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the world

(1519)• Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to

Spain in 1522 Image

Interactive

______________________claims Brazil for Portugal

____________________ ,German mapmaker names the continent America

_________________________reaches the Pacific Ocean

_______________________ leaves to sail around the world

Pedro Álvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal

Amerigo Vespucci ,German mapmaker names the continent America

Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the world

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Spanish Conquests in Mexico

Conquistadors - - Spanish fortune hunters Spanish fortune hunters searching for gold and richessearching for gold and riches• In 1519, Hernando Cortés—Spanish adventurer—

lands in Mexico • He and others become known as conquistadors—

Spanish conquerors Cortés Conquers the Aztecs• Cortés and 600 men reach Aztec capital of

Tenochtitlán• By 1521, they conquer Aztec empire• Conquest aided by superior weapons, Native

American allies• European diseases wipe out large numbers of

Aztecs

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Aztec ruler Montezuma greets Cortes

The best description of a conquistador. Is…1.Spanish missionary looking to convert the natives2.Spanish soldier looking for riches3.Spanish soldier looking for spices4.Spanish soldier looking for land to settle on

Cortez conquered the…1.Incas2.Mayans3.Aztecs4.Apaches

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Spanish Conquests in Peru SECTION

1 Another Conquistador• Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro leads force to Peru in 1532

Pizarro Subdues the Inca• Pizarro kills Atahualpa—Inca ruler—and defeats the Inca

The Portuguese in BrazilIn 1530s, Portuguese settle in Brazil, begin

growing sugar

Inca city of Machu Picchu

Which Incan leader was killed by Pizzaro?1.Montezuma2.Astachwan3.Atahualpa4.Atalapan

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Spain’s Influence Expands SECTION

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Growth of Spanish Power• Conquests in Americas bring great wealth to Spain• Spain enlarges its navy to protect ships carrying

treasure

Conquistadors Push North• Juan Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain (1513)• In 1540s, Francisco Coronado explores Southwest,

finds little gold• Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest• In early 1600s, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe

Conquistadors

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Several European nations fight for control of North America, and England emerges victorious.

Section 2

European Nations Settle North America

Know: Identify the location of each European settlement in North America and the main reasons for its establishment.

Show: Complete the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Group share, quiz

You can force a man to enter a church, to approach an altar, to receive the sacrament but you cannot force him to believe.

St. Augustine

European nations lay claim to large parts of North America, but England drives out the French and Dutch and creates thirteen colonies.

OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment

Key Idea

Competing Claims in North America

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Competing Claims in North America

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Several European nations fought for control of North America, and England eventually emerged victorious.

The English settlers in North America left a legacy of law and government that guides the United States today.

Overview

AssessmentAssessment

• New France

• Jamestown

• Pilgrims

• Puritans

• New Netherland

• French and Indian War

• Metacom

MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW

TERMS & NAMES

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Competing Claims in North America

European Nations Settle North America

Other European Claims in North America• French, English, Dutch start colonies in North

America

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Explorers Establish New France• Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec• New France—French colony in North America• New France includes Great Lakes and Mississippi

River valley

A Trading Empire• New France is very large but has few inhabitants• Main activity of the colony is the fur trade

The English Arrive in North America

The First English Colony• King James permits investors to start North American colony• In 1607, colonists found Jamestown—English settlement in Virginia

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The Settlement at Jamestown• Early years very difficult; many die, but settlement takes hold

Puritans Create a “New England”• Pilgrims—group persecuted for religion—found Plymouth in 1620• Puritans—group seeking religious freedom—settle in Massachusetts• Many families in Massachusetts colony, which begins to grow

Which of the following was not a new colony?1.Jamestown2.Pittsburg3.Quebec4.Massachusetts Bay

Which of the following groups did not set up early American colonies?1.Africans2.Puritans3.Pilgrims4.French

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continued The English Arrive in North America

The Dutch Found New Netherland• In 1609, Henry Hudson explores waterways for

Dutch• Dutch claim land, found New Netherland—now

Albany and New York City• Dutch focus on fur trade; welcome settlers from other

lands

Colonizing the Caribbean• European nations also start colonies in Caribbean• Large cotton, sugar plantations worked by enslaved Africans

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continued The English Arrive in North America SECTION

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continued The English Arrive in North America SECTION

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continued The English Arrive in North America SECTION

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Which is an area the Dutch did not colonize in the New World?1.Albany2.New York3.New Quebec4.New Amsterdam

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The Struggle for North America

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2 England Battles France• English settlers, pushing west, collide with French

possessions• French and Indian War—part of Seven Years’

War—begins (1754)• In 1763, France loses to Britain, gives up its

American colonies

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Native AmericansSECTION

2

Natives Fall to Disease• Wars are less deadly to Native Americans than

European diseases• Colonists use enslaved Africans to work in place of

Native Americans

Section 3

The Atlantic Slave Trade To meet their growing labor needs, Europeans enslave millions of Africans in the Americas.

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Know: The ways in which the Atlantic slave trade affected both Africa and the Americas.

Show: Complete the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Group share, quiz

The slave trade decimates African social and family life, and millions of slaves are brought to the Americas to work in mines and on plantations.

OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment

Key Idea

The Atlantic Slave Trade

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GRAPH

To meet their growing labor needs, Europeans enslaved millions of Africans in forced labor in the Americas.

Descendants of enslaved Africans represent a significant part of the Americas’ population today.

Overview

AssessmentAssessment

• Atlantic slave trade

• triangular trade

• middle passage

The Atlantic Slave Trade

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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW

TERMS & NAMES

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GRAPH

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The Causes of African Slavery

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The Demand for Africans• Need for workers in Americas raises demand for enslaved Africans• Africans withstand diseases, have farming skills, unlikely to escape• Atlantic slave trade—forced movement of many Africans to Americas

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Continued . . .

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Spain and Portugal Lead the Way• By 1650, about 300,000 enslaved Africans in

Spanish colonies• Portugal brings many more slaves to sugar

plantations in Brazil

continued The Causes of African Slavery

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Slave Trade Ships - 2 out of 3 shipped died

Which is not a reason for African Slave Trade?1.Had better farming skills2.Lack of workers in Americas3.Africans volunteered to go4.More resistant to disease

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Slavery Spreads Throughout the Americas

England Dominates the Slave Trade• From 1690 to 1807, England dominates slave

trade• About 400,000 enslaved Africans brought to

North American colonies

African Cooperation and Resistance• Many African rulers capture people to be sold into

slavery• Later, some rulers protest the trade

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A Forced Journey

The Triangular Trade• Triangular trade—trade network linking Europe,

Africa, Americas• One trade route:

- manufactured goods move from Europe to Africa

- people move from Africa to Americas- sugar, coffee, tobacco move from Americas to

Europe

The Middle Passage• Voyage of enslaved Africans to Americas known as

the middle passage• As many as 20 percent of Africans die on these

journeys

Interactive

Image

Which two of the statements would be untrue of the slave trade to the Americas?1.The French dominated the slave trade2.African leaders sold their people into slavery3.The route from Africa to the Americas was the last passage of the Triangular trade route4.As many as 2 out of 3 slaves died on the ship ride over to the Americas

On a Canadian two dollar bill, the flag flying over the Parliment building is an American flag.

Useless Fact #163

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Slavery in the Americas A Harsh Life• In Americas, captured Africans sold at auction to highest bidder• Life is difficult: long work hours; poor food,

housing, clothing 

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Resistance and Rebellion• Africans maintain musical, cultural traditions• Some resist by breaking tools or working slowly• Some run away or take part in revolts

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Consequences of the Slave Trade

Results in Africa and the Americas• African societies suffer from loss of so many

people• African families disrupted• In Americas, labor of enslaved people helps build

new societies • Enslaved Africans affect culture in Americas• Population in Americas changes

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Amazing Grace/Roots video clip

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Section 4

The Columbian Exchangeand Global Trade The colonization of the Americas introduces new items into Eastern and Western hemispheres.

Show: Columbian Exchange item where it originated and explain its significance.

Know: Complete the graphic to help organize your thoughts about each Columbian Exchange item,. Group share, quiz

The colonization of the Americas leads to a global exchange of food, plants, animals, and diseases that enriches the European diet and economy and further shatters the native civilizations of the New World.

OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment

Key Idea

The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade

4HOME

MAP

The colonization of the Americas introduced new and different items into the Eastern and Western hemispheres.

This global exchange of goods permanently changed Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Overview

AssessmentAssessment

• Columbian Exchange

• Commercial Revolution

• capitalism

• joint-stock company

• mercantilism

• favorable balance of trade

4

MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW

TERMS & NAMES

HOME

The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade

MAP

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The Columbian Exchange andGlobal Trade

The Columbian Exchange• Columbian Exchange—global transfer of food,

plants, animals• Corn, potatoes from Americas become crops in Eastern Hemisphere • New animals, plants introduced by Europeans take hold in Americas• European diseases kill millions of Native Americans

SECTION

4 The Columbian Exchange

Which of the following statements would not support Columbian Exchange?1.Transfer of food, plants, animals2.Corn and Potatoes from Europe to the Americas3.European diseases transferred to the Americas4.Gold and silver transferred to Europe from the Americas

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Global Trade

Changing Economies• Wealth from Americas, growth of trade changes business in Europe

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The Rise of Capitalism• New economic system—capitalism—based on

private property, profit• Increase in business leads to inflation—rising

prices—in Europe• Hauls of gold, silver from Americas cause high

inflation in Spain

Joint-Stock Companies• Joint-stock company lets investors share risk,

profits of business• These companies help fund colonies in America

True or FalseCapitalism was based on the state controlling the private property and profit1.True2. False

Inflation causes the price of goods to decrease over time1.True2.False

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New Economic Policy• Policy of mercantilism emphasizes national

wealth as source of power

The Growth of Mercantilism

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Balance of Trade• One way for nation to increase wealth: gather gold,

silver• Favorable balance of trade when nation sells

more goods than it buys• Colonies provide raw materials that home country

uses to make goods

Continued . . .

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Economic Revolution Changes European Society• Economic changes spur growth of towns, rise of

merchant class• Still, most people are poor and live in rural areas

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continued The Growth of Mercantilism

Which statement would not support mercantilism…1.Private enterprise was important to countries wealth2.A favorable balance of trade leads to countries buying more goods3.Wealth is power4.Colonies were important to national wealth

Benefits/Disadvantages of ColonizationBenefits/Disadvantages of Colonization

§ Epidemics§ Small Poxs, measles, Influenza, Unknown to Americas§ Destroyed 85% of population by 1650 in Americas

§ Colonists brought new plants and animals§ Cows, chickens, pigs, goats, donkeys§ Wheat, barley, rye, oranges, apples

§ Colonists brought back new plants§ Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, melon, cacao§ Became new staple foods of Europe§ Read pg. 368, last paragraph§ Slave trade

§ Epidemics§ Small Poxs, measles, Influenza, Unknown to Americas§ Destroyed 85% of population by 1650 in Americas

§ Colonists brought new plants and animals§ Cows, chickens, pigs, goats, donkeys§ Wheat, barley, rye, oranges, apples

§ Colonists brought back new plants§ Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, melon, cacao§ Became new staple foods of Europe§ Read pg. 368, last paragraph§ Slave trade

Great Age of Exploration Great Age of Exploration