ifpri-health and nutrition of women in drought prone area of maharashtra-aayushi jain
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Health and Nutrition of Women in
Drought Prone Area of Maharashtra
Submitted By:Aayushi Jain
Why is such a study?• Weather variability and climate extremes are leading to exacerbating impacts, frequency, duration and severity
of droughts in different world’s region (IPCC 2013)
• Least developed countries are abated by dire consequences of drought due to high level of vulnerability coupled with low resilience
• Min of Water Resources considers, 68% of the country prone to drought in varying degrees (http://wrmin.nic.in/forms/list.aspx?lid=312)
• Maharashtra is one of the 12 Indian agriculturally important but drought vulnerable states, remains under scrutiny of National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) for intermittent reporting of vegetation conditions at micro-level, especially during Kharif season
• Deccan plateau, home to about 12 percent state population of Maharashtra, underscores about 50% drought prone areas of the state, where, once in 5 years deficient rainfall is reported and severe drought conditions occur once every 8-9 years
• Women are often disproportionately affected by drought conditions; as primary managers of households
• While recent evidence suggests fresh starts by many empowered women’s group setting up fight against drought conditions
• It is imperative to assess health and nutrition conditions of women living in drought stricken villages, based on a primary account, made on those who fights the conditions day-in and day-out
Why such a Study
Background to the study...
• Attempts to gather research based evidence to link food consumption practices and its effect on women’s health in three villages of Maharashtra
• Looking at various health problems that women face and their
direct and indirect determinants
• Specific focus maintained on dietary practices, considering its explicit linkage to drought and availability of food for women’s consumption and related health impacts
Background to the Study
Specific objectives
• To document the dietary intake of the women of age group 15 to 49.
• To identify the factors contributing towards the health problems faced by the women of age group 15 to 49 in rural areas.
• To understand the relation between health problems women face due to imbalance dietary intake and other socio-economic factors.
Study Area:
State: Maharashtra Taluka: Gangapur District: Aurangabad Villages: Bhoigaon,Padampur,Malunja.kd
Study area...Study Area
Brief Background of the Three Study Villages
• Malunja Kh -198 households, 902 populations 443 women of different ages. Women’s main occupation agriculture, 184 women were found involved in agricultural work
• Padampur is a small village -household 61 and population of 270, with 113 of different ages. Lack of handholding leaves very few women go for agriculture work at their farm, in all 30 women were found to go for work or labor at industry and at other’s farm
• Bhoigaon -1144 population and 218 households, with 557 women. Widespread illiteracy, with more than half the women illiterate. Main occupation of women agriculture, 142 women reported to have their own farm and 120 women go to others farm and work as labor
Data Analysis
Secondary Data Review
Primary Data
Collection
• Literature • Survey Data
• Interview• Dietary Diversity Score• Observation
• Microsoft Excels• SPSS-20• Body Mass Index (BMI)
– WHO Index
Sample Size: 72 womenMethodology
Survey Instrument & Measurement of Biomarkers
• Two Focus group discussion were organized in each village, so that women can understand purpose of the study and feel free to share the information.
• The individual interview was self-conducted, so that there is no error during the interpretation of the data. The semi-structured questionnaire was conducted and then the questionnaire on dietary divert was use.
• The weight and height of the women were also collected to check their BMI (Body Mass Index).
• The hemoglobin data is secondary data, the camp was organized by Watershed Organization Trust (WOTR) in month of March, 2016 as part of their project. All the women who were interviewed went for the HB camp.
• The survey was conducted between February – March, 2016
Construction of Dietary Diversity Score
• The purpose to use dietary score in the study is to find out does women suffer health problems due to their dietary pattern.
• The respondents were asked about their daily consumption of different items, from the diverse set of food-groups, by recall method(24 hr and 7days).
• Score “1” was given to the food group consumed by the women, and “0” which they haven't consumed it.
ISTUDY CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Background Variables
•Occupation
·Number children
·Mean spacing
·Age of Marriage
·Active hours in a day
·Source of water.
·Usage of toilet.
Proximate Variable
•Dietary Intake Score
Outcome Variable
•BMI
·HB
·Health problems faced in general
·Undesired incidences faced during pregnancy
Profile of the Women
• Nearly, 37.6 % of total women interviewed were found illiterate
• Almost,78% women were married before the legal age(18year) of marriage
• Nearly, 48.6% of women work on their own farm and 33.3% of women have to go to others farm of nearby village or in their own village. There are 29% women who actually work on their own farms as well as go to others’ fields, to do labor work
• Out of 48.6% females who have latrine at their home only 29% of women were found using those, the rest of the women go for open defecation
• The overall availability of water resources in all the three villages was found shrinking. The frequency of water availability through government tap or tanker is still better in winters, in months of summer the supply of water decreases and demand increases.
Starchy Staples
Dark Green Vegitables
Vitamin A rich Veg and Fruits
Other Veg and Fruits
Meat and Fish
Eggs
Legumes,nuts and seeds
Milk and Milk Product
0
50
100
100.0
79.2
38.9
56.931.9
13.0
41.3
16.7
Consumption of different food groups in 7 days
Food Groups
Health and Nutrition Status of Women
• Almost, 59.7 women were found under weight(>18.5)
• Almost 45.8% women have their hemoglobin even less than 9 g/dL, demonstrating severe anemic conditions
• The majority of the women mentioned that they suffer from “weaknesses” (66.7%)
• Nearly 33.3% of women reportedly experienced miscarriage . Common triggers like heavy field based works, frequent travels in unsafe conditions by trucks etc.
Attributes BMI HB DIS
Body Mass Index Score (BMI)
1
Hemoglobin Level (HB)
.522** 1
Dietary Index Score (DIS)
.120 .575** 1
N 72 72 72
Significance level ** p <.001
Correlation Coefficient showing Association between Women’s BMI, HB and DI Scores
RESULTS FROM CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
Women demonstrated better HB level with higher Dietary Score and higher BMI.
The women, who consumed less diverse foods, showed lower hemoglobin counts. The
strong, positive correlation can also be seen between BMI and hemoglobin, since the
growth of the body also depends on food consumption and hemoglobin in the body.
Variables B P
Age of Marriage -0.069 0.0
HB -0.102 0.0
BMI -0.02 0.059
DSI -0.115 0.002
Logistic Regression Results for Dependent Variable: Maternal health problems
An year of increase in women’s age at marriage
is found to reduce the likelihood of health
problems almost by 7 percent (6.9 %).
An unit increase in HB level has shown
decrease in women’s maternal health problem
by 10 %.
An unit increase in dietary diversity score has
decreased the likelihood of occurrence of
women’s maternal health problems by 11.5 %.
Logistic Regression Results for Dependent Variable: Physical health problems.
Variables B pMaternal health
problems.260 .063
Education -.025 .005
BMI -.029 .019
HB -.061 .034
DSI -.113 .005
A unit increase in BMI has shown
decrease in women health problem by
6.1%.
An unit increase in HB level has shown
decrease in women’s health problem by
6.1 %.
An unit increase in dietary diversity score
has decreased the likelihood of
occurrence of women’s health problems
by 11.3 %.
Recommendations
• Awareness and regular monitoring: at block level to guide the women about cycle of malnutrition. Women were grossly found lacking knowledge about nutritious food available at lesser prices which could be adding huge value for better health and nutritional status.
• Consulting women : It is important to involve women in all stages of drought management process. The women work closely with these resources so any type of intervention or program should involve women.
• Mobilizing other family Members: the study found men not aware about the dietary habits of their partners. Lack of care from family as a whole needs to be improved
• Education: An empowered and optimally aware woman can teach whole family. The women take decision for the household activities and use of resource so it’s important that females are educated
• Diversification of livelihood options: The main occupation in the village is agriculture, in drought years women have to travel long n search for job. They end up working as labor in nearby factories. If the multiple livelihood options can be created in village they can save the time in traveling and also their health can be improve .
Thank you
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