image enhancement final - copy
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PresentedBy:
DIGITALIMAGEENHANCEMENT
AMAAN SYED
A leading area in the field of
computer graphics and image
processing
SYNOPSISPRESENTAIONON
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TOPICS TO DISCUSS
TITLEOFDISSERTATION
WHATISDIGITALIMAGEPROCESSING
WHYDIGITALIMAGEPROCESSINGINNECESSARY
APPLICATIONAREA
STEPSINIMAGEPROCESSING
DISSERTATIONCATEGORY
IMAGEENHANCEMENT
HARDWAREANDSOFTWAREREQUIREMENT
FUTURESCOPEANDENHANCEMENT
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T
I
T
L
E
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StudyandAnalysisofdigitalImageEnhancementTechnique
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Onepictureisworthmorethantenthousandwords.
Anonymous
Interestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfrom
twoprincipalapplicationareas:
improvement of pictorial information for humaninterpretation
processingofimagedataforstorage,transmissionand
representationforautonomousmachineperception.
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DIGITALIMAGEPROCESSING
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Animagemaybedefinedasatwo-dimensionalfunction,f(x,y).wherexandyareknownasspatial coordinatesandfunctionf
foraparticularpair(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgraylevelof
theimageatthatpoint.
These elements are calledpicture elements, image elements,
pels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermusedmostwidelytodenotethe
elementsofadigitalimage.
Adigitalimageiscomposedofafinitenumberofelements,each
ofwhichhasaparticularlocation andvalue.
Location=(x,y)
Value=f(x,y)
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Digital image processing refers to the processing of
digital images by means of a digital computer by applying somefunctiontochangethevalue(f(x,y))ofthepixeltoobtainadifferent
functionvalue
f(x+1,y-1)
f(x+1,y)
f(x+1,y+1)
f(x-1,y--1)
f(x-1,y)
f(x-1,y+1)
f(x,y-1)
f(x,y)
f(x,y+1)
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Whenrepresentedasdiscreteform/numbers,brightnesscanbe
added,subtracted,multiplied,divided,andi.e.theimagecanbe
manipulated which was not possible if the image was
representedasaphotograph.
Lowcontrast Mediumcontrast Highcontrast
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WHYDIGITALIMAGEPROCESSING
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Wehumansarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic
(EM)spectrum.
Machines imaging is needed that cover almost the entire EM
spectrum, ranging from gamma to radio waves. They can
operate on images generated by sources that humans are not
accustomed to associating with images. These include
ultrasound, electron microscopy, and computer-generated
images.
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Iftheimagesareleftdistorted,itwouldrenderanydataextraction
fromthedistortedimage.
Machinegeneratedimagingmaynotalwaysbeofgoodquality
orwemaybeinterestedonlyinsomeoftheregionoftheimage
orsomedistortionmayoccur.
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APPLICATION
AREAS
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X-RayImaging
pollutionpatterns
aerialtrafficcontrolaerialphotography
Detectionofminerals
Detectionoflandusage
healthofindigenousplants
MEDICALDIAGNOSIS
computerizedaxialtomography(CAT)
Gamma-RayImaging
Computervision
Angiography
Opticalsorting
SPACEPROGRAM
FeaturedetectionMicroscopeimageprocessing
Biologydeforestation
Remotesensing
Machinevision
Explorationgeophysics
Automobileindustry
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STEPSIN
IMAGEPROCESSING
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The aim of image enhancement is to improve the
interpretability or perception of information
inimagesforhumanviewers,ortoprovide`better'inputfor
otherautomatedimageprocessingtechniques.
Imageenhancementtechniquescanbedividedinto:
Spatialdomainmethods,whichoperatedirectlyonpixels
frequencydomainmethods,whichoperateontheFourier
transformofanimage.
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ImageisNOTPerfectSometimes
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Greyscalemanipulation
ThesimplestformofoperationiswhentheoperatorTactsonly
ona1x1pixelneighborhoodintheinputimage,thatis TF(x,y)
depends on the value of F only at (x, y). This is a grey scale
transformationormappingalsoknownaspointtopointoperation
In this case any pixel with a grey level below the chosenthreshold in the input image gets mapped to 0 in the output
imageandOtherpixelsaremappedto255.
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Supposeanimageispredominantlydark.Thenitshistogramwouldbe
skewedtowardsthelowerendofthegreyscaleandalltheimagedetail
iscompressedintothedarkendofthehistogram.
0 50 100 150 200
HistogramEqualization
Histogram of an image represents the relative frequency of
occurrenceofvariousgraylevelsintheimage
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
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Histograminformationrevealsthatimageisunder-exposed
0 50 100 150 200 250
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
x 10
4
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0 50 100 150 200 250
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Over-exposedimage
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Application(I):DigitalPhotography
Application(II):IrisRecognition
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LOWPASSFILTERSHIGHPASSFILTER
MEANFILTER
MEDIANFILTER
MIDFILTER
MAXIMUMFILTER
MINIMUMFILTERALPHATRIMMEDMEANFILTER
ALPHACOMPLEMENTARYTRIMMEDMEAN
FILTER
RANGEFILTER
GEOMETRICMEANFILTERHARMONICMEAN FILTER
POWERMEANFILTER
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There is a broad area of dissertation as provided by theesteemed university. This topic Digital Image
Enhancement focusesondifferenttechniquesthatareused
forimageprocessing/imageenhancement.
The word digital is emphasizes the processing of digital
imagebyusingdigitalcomputers.Digitalimagescomposed
of finite no. of elements and the processing/enhancement
functionisappliedontheseelementsonly.
Thisprojectcomesunderthecategoryof
DigitalImageProcessingand
Computergraphics
This gives a detailed studyand analysis of different image
enhancementtechniques.
DISSERTATIONCATEGORY
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HARDWAREREQUIREMENT:-
IntelPentium IVProcessororaboveRAMsize512MBminimum.
HardDisk40GBminimum.
HARDWAREANDSOFTWARE
REQUIREMENT
TECHNOLOGIESUSED:-
CPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE
VISUALC++6.0IDE
Windows98/NT/2000/XP/Windows7
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FURTHERENHANCEMENT
Thisprojectgivesdetailedanalysisoftheimageproperties andimageenhancementtechniques.Asimageprocessing isavastareaandnewtechnologiesaregraduallyevolving daybyday.
Thereforethefuturescopeisverybrightforthistopic.Thiscanbe
associatedwithdifferentotherareassuchas.
Pattern
recognition
Machine
learning
Virtual
security
Robotics
e.t.c
FUTURESCOPEAND
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Thankyou
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