implementing afd at pbs member station wsiu
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Implementing AFDImplementing AFDat PBS member station WSIUat PBS member station WSIU
Terry HarveyTerry HarveyWSIU/ Southern Illinois University, WSIU/ Southern Illinois University,
Carbondale Illinois Carbondale Illinois
AFD – What is it?AFD – What is it? AFD is Active Format Description: defines AFD is Active Format Description: defines
aspect ratio.aspect ratio. AFD is used to define how the video originating AFD is used to define how the video originating
in one aspect ratio may be “optimally” displayed in one aspect ratio may be “optimally” displayed on a display of a different aspect ratio.on a display of a different aspect ratio.
AFD metadata is carried in baseband video and AFD metadata is carried in baseband video and in an MPEG2 transport stream.in an MPEG2 transport stream.
AFD broadcast from AFD broadcast from WSIUWSIU All HD programs and interstitials have AFD
added. AFD no benefit to consumer DTV receivers:
Older DTV receivers do not use AFDNewer DTV receivers are 16:9 and HD AFD not
required! Cable and DTH Satellite benefit from AFD:
head end IRD correctly formats for 4:3.
Complete list of AFD codesComplete list of AFD codesValues from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE
2016-1-20070 ESTI: reserved; ATSC: undefined
1 reserved
2 ETSI: 16:9 active picture (top aligned); ATSC: "not recommended"
3 ETSI: 14:9 active picture (top aligned); ATSC: "not recommended"
4ETSI: box > 16:9 (center): wider than 16:9 active picture. The aspect ratio of the source area is not given, and the size of the
top/bottom bars is not indicated.ATSC: bar data (indicating the extent of top, bottom, left, and right bars) should be transmitted when using this code.
5–7 reserved
8 Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9).
9 4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame.
10 16:9 Image: Letterbox in 4:3 frame, Full Frame in 16:9 frame.
11 14:9 Pillarbox/Letterbox image.
12 unused
134:3 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre. The term "shoot and protect" is not explained in the standard, but means that the areas
above and below the central 14:9 region of the 4:3 active picture can be trimmed without losing important detail.
1416:9 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 14:9 region of the 16:9 active picture
can be trimmed without losing important detail.
1516:9 with shoot and protect 4:3 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 4:3 region of the 16:9 active picture
can be trimmed without losing important detail.
List of AFD codes that benefits usList of AFD codes that benefits usValues from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE
2016-1-2007
8 - Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9).
9 - 4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame.
10 -16:9 Image: Letterbox in 4:3 frame, Full Frame in 16:9 frame.
15 -16:9 with shoot and protect 4:3 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 4:3 region of the 16:9 active picture
can be trimmed without losing important detail.
List of AFD codes that we need only List of AFD codes that we need only use.use.
Values from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE 2016-1-2007
8 (1000)
Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9).
9 (1001)
4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame.
Without Broadcast AFDWithout Broadcast AFDHD Broadcast Cable TV
Forced Letterbox
ForcedCenter Cut
AFD absent
AFD absent
With With Broadcast AFDBroadcast AFDHD Broadcast Cable TV
AFD ControlledCenter Cut
AFD ControlledLetterbox
AFD 1000
AFD 1001
How is the AFD How is the AFD conveyed?conveyed? AFD will be carried in HD and SD baseband Serial
Digital Video Interface in the VANC as per SMPTE-334M. (HD-SDI VANC line 11).
How is the AFD How is the AFD conveyed?conveyed? In ATSC over-the-air transmission, the AFD is
carried in the picture user data bits in MPEG2 Transport Stream.
Transport Stream Packet Transport Stream Packet Transport Stream PacketTransport Stream Packet Transport Stream Packet
Header Video Payload
Adaptation Field
Picture User Data Bits
AFD: Practical AFD: Practical ImplementationImplementation Must ensure a correct AFD code is applied to all
program elements in HD broadcast: eg. HD and upconverted SD content.
HD and SD AFD is supported but PBS does not yet forward SD-AFD.
Member station must therefore generate AFD for SD and all local content.
Prerequisites for AFD- Prerequisites for AFD- IRDsIRDs IRDs (Satellite Receivers): Older IRDs (BitLinks)
do not employ AFD decoding (eg extraction of AFD from transport stream and placement in HD-SDI VANC).
Sencore MRD3187 IRDs do employ AFD (Note earlier MRD3187B’s need upgrading).
ASI interface on Bitlink will convey AFD.
Prerequisites for AFD - Prerequisites for AFD - ServersServers Most servers now record and playback HD and
SD AFD. AFD extracted from baseband input VANC stored
with caption data in auxiliary referenced file. AFD extracted from transport stream when
recorded via ASI must be stored and made available for baseband VANC playback.
Prerequisites for AFD - Prerequisites for AFD - EncodersEncoders AFD carried in HD-SDI VANC must pass through
the master control switcher and applied to the MPEG2 Emission Encoder.
Encoder must be capable of extracting AFD from HD-SDI VANC and placing AFD in MPEG2 transport picture user data bits.
Example AFD Example AFD ImplementationImplementationIRD - HD
IRD - SD UpconverterIncludes AFD
Video Server
Master Control
Switcher
HD EmissionEncoder
Automation GPI Control of Preset AFD codes
and aspect ratio
UniversalConverter
Includes AFD
HD Source
SD Source
Vid
eo R
oute
r
AFD on HD-SDI
AFD on HD-SDI HD-SDI
Another ExampleAnother Example
Master Control
Switcher
HD EmissionEncoder
Automation GPI Control of Preset AFD codes and aspect ratio
UniversalConverter
Includes AFD
HD Source
SD Source
Vid
eo R
oute
r
No AFD on HD-SDI
AFDInsertion Card
HD-SDI
HD-SDI with AFD
Video Server
IRD - HD
To Ensure the Highest To Ensure the Highest QualityQuality Minimize unnecessary codec cycles. Minimize unnecessary video rescaling eg. 480i to
1080i then to 720p for emission. Record Full Frame 16:9 and 4:3, no local pillarbox
or letterbox. All locally produced programming in HD and SD is
now 16:9 format. SD to HD Upconvertor controlled by automation to
correct format and add AFD.
WSIU - HD WSIU - HD AFDAFD Satellite receiver provides HD AFD from PBS. Server records and playbacks HD AFD. File based HD local production has HD AFD added at
Transcode/ Transwrap when transferred to Omneon server.
Three HD AFD format codes:16:9 FF AFD codes 1000 16:9 FF center cut safe AFD code 1111 (from PBS)16:9, 4:3 Pillarbox AFD code 1001
WSIU - WSIU - SD SD AFDAFD All SD recorded and archived as native SD. Local SD file base production has no AFD. SD playback upconvert to air where AFD is added. SD four formats:
16:9 Full Frame AFD code 100016:9, 4:3 Pillarbox AFD code 10014:3, Full Frame AFD code 10014:3, 16:9 Letterbox AFD code 1000
WSIU 720p Master Control with WSIU 720p Master Control with AFDAFD
OmneonMIP-4010
OmneonMIP-4010
OmneonMIP-4010
OmneonMIP-4010
OmneonMIP-4010
OmneonMIP-4010
SencoreIRD
SencoreIRD
SencoreIRD
SencoreIRD
SencoreIRD
SencoreIRD
Omneon Spectrum
VideoServer
OmneonMIP-5321
OmneonMIP-5321A
SI R
OU
TE
R
ASI Record Portsfor SD and HD
Evertz 7812 CC
Evertz 7812 UDX
NVerzionAutomation
GPI for Aspect Ratio and AFD
ProTrack
720p
Mas
ter
Con
trol
Sw
itche
r
VDCP
VDCP
1080i
480i
720p
720p
OmneonMIP-5321
VDCP
720p
720p
Ku22 HD01 HD02
Ku23a HD04
Ku23b SD05
Ku23c SD06
Ku23d SD07
Ku24HD03 SD01
FCP files from Post Production TranscodeAdds AFD
To HDAMC21 IRDs
ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9
ProTrack facilitatesidentification of aspect ratio.
ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9
ProTrack also differentiates between video formats1080i , 720p and 480i:Each can be 16:9.
ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9
WSIU Playlist
SVR1A – HD PlaybackSVR1B – SD Playback
Formats for SVR1B (SD)NS = 4:3 Full FrameLB = 4:3,16:9 LetterboxWS=16:9 Full FramePB =16:9,4:3 Pillarbox
AFD for SVR1A (HD)-from HD File
AFD for SVR1B (SD)NS = 9 (1001)LB = 8 (1000)WS = 8 (1000)PB = 9 (1001)
AFD – It Does Work! PBS began applying AFD to HD programs April 2009. WSIU began broadcasting AFD in July 2009. All WSIU programming and individual WSIU interstitials
have AFD applied. Broadcast SD Distributors using WSIU AFD:
DirecTV and Dish Network July 2009Charter Communications September 2009MediaCom July 2010
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