importance of vaccination
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The Importance of ImmunizationBy: Misty Moser ADNS
and Cynthia Hill ADNS
What is a Vaccine?
A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or
several diseases (Merriam-Webster)
Basically, a vaccine is a substance used to prevent the spread of disease, usually using a
killed or weakened form of the disease.
How Do Vaccines Work?
First, a little about the immune system: Antigens
These are foreign invaders, such as bacteria, that enter the body Antibodies
When the immune system detects the antigens, it begins to produce protein substances called antibodies to fight the antigens.
Memory Cells Are produced and help the immune system to activate much
faster. These cells have a long life span and the ability to remember
intruders. These are stockpiled so they are available to fight off the disease
should you be exposed again.
How Do Vaccines Work?
So... The vaccine introduces a weakened or dead form of the
antigen, or foreign invader.
The antigen isn't strong enough to produce symptoms, but is strong enough for the immune system to produce antibodies.
The immune system then stock piles these antibodies for future defense.
Now it's armed and ready should it be exposed to the disease.
Credit: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/images/photo_howdoimwork.jpg
Spreading the Disease!!!
You can be contagious BEFORE you have any signs or symptoms of the disease!
Some diseases, such as tetanus, are not spread from person to person, but are found in the dirt!
Safety of Vaccination
Risk vs Benefit
Risk Side Effects
Pain at injection site, muscle aches, rash, fever are normal and should not cause alarm.
“Nearly 90% of adverse events following vaccinations are categorized as non-serious.” (CDC)
Rare serious side effects
Most are allergic reactions to ingredients and not reactions to the antigen
Benefits Prevention of deadly
and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Saves money Less doctor visits No hospitalization Less time off work
Herd Immunity Those who are
vaccinated keep it from spreading.
Herd Immunity
“When a critical portion of a community is immunized against a contagious disease, most members of the
community are protected against that disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak.” - NIAID
Credit: NIAID http://www.niaid.nih.gov/SiteCollectionImages/topics/communityImmunityGeneric.gif
Healthy, unimmunized
Healthy, immunized
Unimmunized,Sick and
contagious
Testing and Monitoring
Before vaccines are licensed, the FDA requires testing to ensure safety.
Once a vaccine is in use, the FDA and CDC monitor it's adverse events Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System or
VAERS If an adverse reaction is experienced, it can be reported
to VAERS, any hint of a problem with the vaccine prompts further investigation by the CDC and FDA
Research will be performed to investigate the vaccine and see what action needs to be taken
Controversy
It is true vaccines are not 100% effective...
Mumps out break in NY and NJ in 2009
77% of those who contracted it were immunized!!!
But wait!
Let's look at the math... For example, if we have...
Population of 1,000 people According to the World Health Organization 95% of people are
vaccinated So... 950 people vaccinated 50 people not vaccinated
Out of this 1,000 total population 100 people contract mumps 77 vaccinated contracted it 23 unvaccinated contracted it
The Population as a Whole
Immunized Population (950 people) Only 77 contracted mumps
That's about 8% of those immunized
Unimmunized Population (50 people) 23 contracted mumps
That 46% of that part of the population!!!!
Let's Put it in Perspective
Taking that same 1,000 people, imagine it the other way around... 950 unimmunized (95%)
437 people would get the mumps 50 immunized (5%)
4 would get the mumps
Vaccines and Autism Two different types of Mercury
Methylmercury Found in fish Tends to accumulate in the body Is tied to developmental delays and neurological
impairment in babies Ethylmercury
Does not accumulate in the body Was used in vaccines as a preservative to prevent
bacterial and fungal contamination However, mandated by the FDA to be removed from all
vaccines, except the flu vaccine Vaccines must be free of ethylmercury or only contain trace
amounts (less that one microgram). Despite removal, autism rates continue to climb.
Why Get Vaccinated?
The Importance of Immunization
Communicable Diseases
Measle, Mumps, Rubella - MMR Chicken Pox - Varicella Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (aka Whooping
Cough) - DtaP Hepatitis (A and B) – HepA, HepB Polio – IPV Rotavirus – RV Pneumoccocal – PCV Haemophilus influenzae B- Hib
http://www.helpfulhealthtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Measles.jpghttp://www.helpfulhealthtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Mumps-1.jpghttp://www.helpfulhealthtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Rubella.jpghttp://www.helpfulhealthtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Mumps-Causes.jpg
Measles
Mumps
Rubella (German Measles
Chicken Pox
Diptheria
Tetanus
Whooping cough
http://www.helpfulhealthtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Chickenpox.jpghttp://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pertiac001b.jpghttp://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/diphcdc003a.jpghttp://www.freeinfosociety.com/media/images/1314.jpg
http://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/hepaiac001a.jpghttp://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/hepbiac001a.jpg
Hepatitis A
Liver cancer caused by Hepatitis B
http://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/poliiac002.jpghttp://www.duke.edu/~ema5/Golian/Slides/3/gastrointestinal5_files/Gi230.jpghttp://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/pneuaap001.jpghttp://www.aap.org/immunization/illnesses/photos/174.jpghttp://www.aap.org/immunization/illnesses/photos/182.jpg
Polio
RotavirusPneumoccocal
HiB
If Everyone Else is Doing It, Why Should I?
Won't herd immunity protect me anyway? Technically, yes it does help the community as a
whole But what if everyone thought this way? Then no one
would be immunized Risk of exposure to those who also think this way and
don't get vaccinated Not everyone can get vaccinated
Exposure to those who aren't
“An ounce of prevention...”
PREVENTION!!! This is the key to public health Disease is easier to prevent than treat
“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” - Ben Franklin
More Information
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/10-shouldknow.htmhttp://www.immunize.org/vaccines/
Sources:
http://health.msn.com/health-topics/vaccination-guide.aspxhttp://pediatrics.about.com/od/immunizations/a/05_vac_imprtnce.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howvpd.htmhttp://health.msn.com/health-topics/vaccination-guide-diphtheria.aspx
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/autism/vaccines-autism1.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/default.htmhttp://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/vaccines/understanding/pages/vaccinebenefits.aspx
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