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Improving the quality of EMF models using metrics, smells, and refactorings
Gabriele Taentzer, Thorsten ArendtTutorial at ECMFA, July 2nd 2012, Lyngby, Denmark
Outline
• Introduction
• Running Example
• Demo: Application of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Demo: Specification of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Conclusion
Improving the quality of EMF models2
Motivation: Model quality assurance
Improving the quality of EMF models
Problems
Risks
3
Model Refactorings
Model Smells
Model Metrics
Motivation: Model quality assurance
Improving the quality of EMF models
Problems
Risks
Model Refactorings
Model Smells
Model Metrics
Model Quality Assurance Process
4
A model quality assurance process
Improving the quality of EMF models5
A model quality assurance process
Improving the quality of EMF models
Specification of a project-specific model quality assurance process
6
A model quality assurance process: 6C Goals 1
Improving the quality of EMF models
Specification of a project-specific model quality assurance process
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– Correctness– Completeness– Changeability
– Comprehensibility– Confinement– Consistency
1 P. Mohagheghi, V. Dehlen, T. Neple: Definitions and approaches to model quality in model-based software development - A review of literature. Information & Software Technology 51 (12): 1646-1669 (2009)
A model quality assurance process: Smells
Improving the quality of EMF models
Specification of a project-specific model quality assurance process
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• Example: Are there equally named classes in different packages?
– Smell: Multiple definitions of classes with equal names
Changeability Comprehensibility
A model quality assurance process: Smells
Improving the quality of EMF models
Specification of a project-specific model quality assurance process
9
• Example: Are there abstract classes without any concrete subclasses?
– Smell: No concrete subclass
Completeness Comprehensibility
A model quality assurance process: Refactoring
Improving the quality of EMF models
Specification of a project-specific model quality assurance process
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• Smell: Multiple definitions of classes with equal names– Refactoring: Rename Class
A model quality assurance process: Refactoring
Improving the quality of EMF models
Specification of a project-specific model quality assurance process
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• Smell: Multiple definitions of classes with equal names– Refactoring: Rename Class
• Smell: No concrete subclass– Refactoring: Insert Concrete Subclass
A model quality assurance process
Improving the quality of EMF models
Application of the specified process to concrete software models
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Tool support in Eclipse
Improving the quality of EMF models
EMF MetricsEMF Metrics
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Tool support in Eclipse
Improving the quality of EMF models
EMF MetricsEMF Smell
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Tool support in Eclipse
Improving the quality of EMF models
EMF RefactorEMF Refactor
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Topic of Tutorial
Improving the quality of EMF models
Problems
Risks
Model Refactorings
Model Smells
Model Metrics
Model Quality Assurance Process
16
Outline
• Introduction
• Running Example
• Demo: Application of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Demo: Specification of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Conclusion
Improving the quality of EMF models17
Example: Vehicle Rental Company
• Project– Development of a web
application for renting vehicles• Semantic domain
– Company with • Vehicles• Customers• Services
• Technical domain– Web application
• Modeling purpose– Modeling of the semantic domain
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Running example: UML class model
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Outline
• Introduction
• Running Example
• Demo: Application of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Coffee Break
• Demo: Specification of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Conclusion
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EMF Metrics: configurationdialog
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EMF Metrics: result view
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Improving the quality of EMF models23
EMF Metrics: export dialog
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EMF Metrics: HTML export (bar diagram)
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EMF Metrics: PPT export (pie diagram)
Smell „Doer and Knower“ represents a lack of encapsulation.
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EMF Smell: configuration dialog
EMF Metrics: result view
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EMF Smell: highlighting
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EMF Smell: PDF export (list)
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Relation: smell erasing refactorings
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Relation: smell causing refactorings
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Dialog: suggested refactorings
• Invocation on Smell Equal Attributes in Sibling Classes– Occurrence { Motorbike, power }
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Dialog: applicable refactorings
• Invocation on Smell Equal Attributes in Sibling Classes– Occurrence { Motorbike, power }
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EMF Refactor: parameter dialog
• Refactoring Pull Up Attribute– Context VehicleRentalCompany::Motorbike::power
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EMF Refactor: smell analysis
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EMF Refactor: result preview
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EMF Refactor: refactored model
Outline
• Introduction
• Running Example
• Demo: Application of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Coffee Break
• Demo: Specification of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Conclusion
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Used UML specification diagrams
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Used UML specification diagrams
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Specification of new metric NACP (Total number ofattributes in classes within the package): general data
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Specification of new metric NACP (Total number ofattributes in classes within the package): Java code
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Specification of new metric NOCP (Total number ofoperations in classes within the package): general data
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Specification of new metric NOCP (Total number ofoperations in classes within the package): OCL expr.
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Specification of new metric KFP (Knowing Factor): general data
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Specification of new metric KFP (Knowing Factor): metric data
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Specification of new smell ‘Too Many Knowers in Package’: general data
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Specification of new smell ‘Too Many Knowers in Package’: metric data
Used UML specification diagrams (cont.)
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Used UML specification diagrams (cont.)
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Used UML specification diagrams (cont.)
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Specification of new smell ‘Unused Interface’: general data
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Specification of new smell ‘Unused Interface’: Henshin pattern rule specification
Refactoring application workflow
Integration of Smells and Refactorings within EMF
Initial Precondition Check
Final Precondition Check
Model Change
Refactoring Invocation
Parameter Input
Error Message
Model Change Preview
54
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Specification of new refactoring ‘Remove Unused Interface’: general data
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Specification of new refactoring ‘Remove Unused Interface’: Henshin data
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Specification of new refactoring ‘Remove Unused Interface’: Henshin’s initial check
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Specification of new refactoring ‘Remove Unused Interface’: Henshin’s model change
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Specification of new refactoring ‘Remove Unused Interfaces from Package’: CoMReL data
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Specification of new refactoring ‘Remove Unused Interfaces from Package’: CoMReL specification
Outline
• Introduction
• Running Example
• Demo: Application of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Coffee Break
• Demo: Specification of Model Quality Assurance Techniques
• Conclusion
Improving the quality of EMF models61
A model quality assurance process
Improving the quality of EMF models62
Specification of a project-specific model quality assurance process
Application of the specified process to concrete software models
Tool environment for model quality assurance
Improving the quality of EMF models
Problems
Risks
Model Refactorings
Model Smells
Model Metrics
Model Quality Assurance Process
63
Tool environment for model quality assurance
• Highly integrated
– Specific tools use each other• Metric-based model smells• Refactoring invocation from within model smell results view• Model smell analysis during refactoring application
– Each tool can be used directly on the model within a certain EMF-based modeling environment
• EMF instance editor• Unified Modeling Language (UML)
– Eclipse Plugin Papyrus– IBM Rational Software Architect
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Tool environment for model quality assurance
• Flexible specification mechanisms
– Usage of existing quality assurance techniques• Combination of existing model metrics• Metric-based model smells• Composite model refactorings
– Usage of concrete specification languages• Java• OCL• EMF model transformation language Henshin• … further languages can be integrated by new adapters
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Implemented model quality assurance techniques
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Ecore models UML2EMF models
Metrics 17 106
Smells 10 30
Refactorings 22 30
Tool environment for model quality assurance
• Download
– http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/emft/refactor/• Downloads• Specials
Improving the quality of EMF models67
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