“in the name of god”

“In The Name of God”

Ventral & Dorsal

Presented by: Yoosef Najian

Visual Pathway

• Cones

• Rods

Parvocells (P cells)

Magnocells (M cells)

Question ?

• Stimulus feature M cells P cells

– Color Contrast

– Luminance contrast

– Spatial Frequency

– Temporal Frequency

• Sensitivity

NO Yes

Higher Lower

Lower Higher

Higher Lower

Inferior Retina

Superior Retina

Upper visual Field

Lower visual Field

Inferior V1

Superior V1

• Layers of the Cortex– I : Molecular Layer– II : External Granule Cell Layer– III : External Pyramidal Cell Layer– IV : Internal Granule Cell Layer– V : Internal Pyramidal Cell Layer– VI : Multiform Layer

What System = Parvocellular Pathway = P Pathway = Ventral Pathway =

Temporal Pathway

Where System = Magnocellular Pathway = M Pathway = Dorsal Pathway =

Parietal Pathway

Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral

Cortex

David C. Van Essen

In: Visual Neurosciences (L. Chalupa and J. Werner, eds.)

visual (blue , 52%)somatosensory (green, 10%)auditory (red, 3%)motor (magenta, 8%)olfactory (brown, 1%)Unassigned cortex (gray, 25%) is mostly cognitive or emotional in function

How can we identify distinct visual areas?

– Architecture– Connectivity– Visual Topography– Functional

Characteristics

Sulci :

• STS: Superior temporal sulcus

• AMTS: Anterior middle temporal sulcus

• PMTS: Posterior middle temporal sulcus

• OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus

• RS: Rhinal sulcus• IOS: Inferior occipital

sulcus• LS: Latral sulcus

Areas:

• TEOd ~ PITd

• TEOv ~ PITv

• TEpd ~ CITd

• TEpv ~ CITv

• TEad ~ AITd

• TEav ~ AITv

Keiji Tanaka

• TEOd

• TEpd

• TEad

• TEOv • TEpv • TEav

Kadharbatcha S. SaleemKeiji TanakaKathleen S. RocklandK. ChengW. SuzukiT. HashikawaWebster MJBachevalier JUngerleider LG

Overall Distribution of Labeled Terminals(1)

Single Axon Reconstruction(1)

Single Axon Reconstruction(2)

Single Axon Reconstruction(3)

Conclusion:LIPd

LIPv

LOPV3A

Parietal AreasPrefrontal Areas

8 45

12

1113

The Ventral Visual Object Pathway in Humans : Evidence from fMRI

Nancy Kanwisher