in vitro fertilization embryo transfer

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION-EMBRYO TRANSFER (IVF-ET)

Presented by

NIYAMAT M. PANJESHA

A seminar on

Modern College Of Arts , Science & Commerce.Shivajinagar, Pune-05.

WHAT IS IVF?

In vitro fertilization broadly deals with “the removal of egg’s from a women, fertilizing them in the laboratory, and transferring the fertilized eggs (zygotes) into the uterus a few days later.

WHY IVF?

Infertility: Extremely Prevalent Definition: inability to achieve pregnancy 17-26% of couples worldwide (90 million

women) 27-47% of infertile couples have impaired

male fertility; decline in semen quality worldwide over last 50 years

WHY THE INCREASE IN INFERTILITY?

Delayed marriage and child-bearing Sexually transmitted diseases Hormonal contraception Abortion Obesity Environmental Pollution

Male infertility Female infertility

IVF: HISTORY

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a fertility procedure which first succeeded as recently as 1978 by Dr. Edwards ( an embryologist) and Dr. Steptoe ( a gynecologist) in England. Since then the technology has been further refined and developed by physicians and embryologists, with over 20,000 babies born worldwide.

METHODOLOGY OF IVF

The ivf broadly involves the fowllowig stages:-

1. Ovarian stimulation and monitoring2. Egg (oocyte) retrieval3. Fertilization4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection5. Embryo transfer

STAGE 1: OVARIAN STIMULATION ANDMONITORING

Ovarian stimulation is used to produce multiple mature follicles, rather than the single egg normally developed each month.

STAGE 2: EGG RETRIEVAL

Egg recovery is accomplished by a transvaginal procedure, which can be performed under light sedation or local anesthesia.

NORMAL EGG ABNORMAL EGG

STAGE 3: FERTILIZATION

Once mature eggs have been retrieved, the sperm and eggs are placed together in the laboratory and incubated in a meticulously prepared culture medium at a temperature identical to that of the woman’s body.

STAGE 4: INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERMINJECTION

During the process of ICSI, an embryologist isolates a sperm cell, draws it up into a microscopic needle and injects it inside an egg using a high power microscope.

STAGE 5: EMBRYO TRANSFER

Embryo transfer is not a painful procedure and can be performed without sedation.

Usually up to three embryos are placed together in a catheter ( a tubular instrument) and transferred, via the vagina, into the uterus.

SUCCESS RATE OF IVF

Varies from programme to programme. It is dependent upon correct diagnosis

of patient, and age. Pregnancy rate is in the range of 25-

30% per oocyte retrieval. The take home is about 15-20% per

procedure.

FACTORS

Increased risk of abortion. Multiple pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy. Low birth weigh baby. Premature delivery.

LIMITATION OF IVF

Genetic defect in oocytes. Genetic defect in fertilizing sperm. Environmental mutagenesis. Inadequate supply of nutrients and

hormones. Exposure to toxic agents and free

radicals.

WORLDS FIRST TEST TUBE BABY

REFERENCES

ANY QUESTION

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