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Income, Poverty, and Health
Insurance Coverage: 2014
September 2015
URL: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-
kits/2015/income_poverty.html
Presenters
Host Michael C. Cook, Sr.
Chief, Public Information Office
Presenter Victoria Velkoff, Ph.D.
Chief, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division
2
Go to www.census.gov and click on the slider at the top to access –
• Today’s Webinar Presentation
• News Release and Supporting Tables
• Links to the Reports and Other Reference Pages
• Links to Fact Sheets
Resources for Today’s Webinar
3
• Median household money income for the nation was
$53,700.
• The official poverty rate for the nation was 14.8
percent. There were 46.7 million people in poverty.
• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate was
15.3 percent.
• The percentage of people without health insurance
coverage for the entire calendar year was 10.4
percent, or 33.0 million people. This was a decrease of
2.9 percentage points from the previous year.
2014 Highlights
4 Income rounded to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 and 2015 Annual
Social and Economic Supplements.
5
September 2015 Release
Redesigned
income
questions
(30,000 addresses)
2013 2012 2014
Traditional
income
questions (68,000 addresses)
Traditional
income
questions
Full Sample
Redesigned
income
questions
Full Sample
• All 2013 estimates in
the report will be
based on the
redesigned set of
questions
• Preserved continuity
between the years
Consistent
questions
Used the same
processing
system
6 For more information related to the measurement and release of data on income,
poverty and health insurance coverage, see:
http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2015/20150824_tech_ip.html
Income and Poverty Estimates
Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2014
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Income in thousands (2014 dollars) Recession
$53,700
$44,300
7
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D of
the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information. Income rounded
to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
Real Median Household Income by Age of
Householder: 2013 and 2014
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15 to 24years
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 years andolder
Income in thousands (2014 dollars) 2014 2013
No significant
difference
No significant
difference
No significant
difference
No significant
difference
8
No significant
difference
No significant
difference
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix
D of the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 and 2015 Annual Social and
Economic Supplements.
Real Median Household Income by Race and
Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2014 Income in thousands (2014 dollars) Recession
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Hispanic (any race)
Asian
Black
$74,300
$60,300*
$35,400
$42,500
Non-Hispanic White
$64,300
$52,200
$38,900
$26,800
9
*The difference between the 2013 and 2014 median household incomes is statistically significant.
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D of the
P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information. Income rounded to
nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
Real Median Household Income by Nativity of
Householder: 2013 and 2014
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Native born Total foreign born Naturalized citizen Noncitizen
Income in thousands (2014 dollars) 2014 2013
-2.3% No significant
difference
+4.3%
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix
D of the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 and 2015 Annual Social and
Economic Supplements.
No significant
difference
10
Real Household Income at Selected Percentiles:
1967 to 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Income in thousands (2014 dollars)
10th
50th (median)
90th
$93,200
$10,100
$44,300
Recession
$157,500
$12,300
$53,700
95th
$117,800
$206,600
11
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D of
the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information. Income rounded
to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
Gini Index of Money Income and
Equivalence-Adjusted Income: 1967 to 2014
0.300
0.320
0.340
0.360
0.380
0.400
0.420
0.440
0.460
0.480
0.500
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Recession
12
0.480
0.397
0.362
0.464
Money Income
Gini Index
Equivalence-adjusted
Gini Index
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D of
the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information. Change in data
collection methodology in 1993.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Real Median Earnings and Women’s-to-Men’s
Earnings Ratio: 1960 to 2014 (Full-time, year-round workers)
Earnings of men
$37,600 $50,400
Earnings of women
$22,800
$39,600
Women’s-to-men’s
earnings ratio
61%
79%
Recession Earnings in thousands (2014 dollars)
Percent
13
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D of
the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information. Earnings
rounded to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Total and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers
with Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2014
All male workers
Females, full-time
year-round
Males, full-time
year-round
14.8 million
Numbers in millions
53.2 million
36.6 million
34.4 million
Recession
46.2 million*
84.5 million
75.6 million*
62.5 million* All female
workers
14
*The difference between the 2013 and 2014 number of workers is statistically significant.
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D
of the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
15
Full-Time, Year-Round Workers with Earnings as a
Percentage of All Workers with Earnings by Sex:
1967 to 2014 Percent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Recession
61%*
74%* Males
Females
69%
43%
*The difference between the 2013 and 2014 percentages is statistically significant.
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D
of the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Number in poverty
Numbers in millions
0
5
10
15
20
25Percent
Poverty Rate and Number in Poverty:
1959 to 2014
46.7
million
Recession
Poverty rate 22.4% 14.8%
39.5
million
16
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix
D of the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2015 Annual Social and
Economic Supplements.
Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic
Origin: 1959 to 2014
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Percent
Non-Hispanic White
Hispanic (any race) Asian
Black
55.1%
22.8%
16.1%
7.5%
Recession
23.6%
12.0%
10.1%
17
26.2%
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix
D of the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2015 Annual Social and
Economic Supplements.
Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Percent
18 to 64 years
Under 18 years 17.0%
27.3%
35.2%
65 years and older
Recession
21.1%
13.5%
10.0%
18
Note: The 2013 data reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. See Appendix D of
the P60 report, "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014," for more information. Data for people
aged 18 to 64 and 65 and older are not available from 1960 to 1965.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 18 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 85+
Age
Poverty Rates by Age by Sex: 2014
Female
Male
Percent of population in poverty
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 Annual Social
and Economic Supplement.
21.2
17.6
11.3
10.4
9.8
10.5
7.2
7.6
21.1
21.9
18.2
14.2
11.8
12.5
10.1
14.7
Under age 18
Aged 18 to 24
Aged 25 to 34
Aged 35 to 44
Aged 45 to 54
Aged 55 to 64
Aged 65 to 74
Aged 75 and older
Female
Male
19
Observations from the Interagency Technical Working Group
• Will not replace the official poverty measure
• Will not be used for resource allocation or program eligibility
• Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics responsible for improving and updating the measure
• Continued research and improvement
• Based on National Academy of Sciences panel 1995 recommendations
20 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015
Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
www.census.gov/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-254.html
Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)
Supplemental Poverty Measure
Thresholds and Resources
$24,008 $25,844
$21,380
$25,460
Official and SPM Thresholds for Units with Two Children, Two Adults: 2014
Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds
Source: Official Poverty Thresholds,
www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html,
Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS),
www.bls.gov/pir/spmhome.htm.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
www.census.gov/library/infographics/poverty_measure-how.html 21
Official
poverty
measure
Owners
with a
mortgage
Owners
without a
mortgage
Renters
Comparison of SPM and Official Poverty Estimates:
2014
*Includes unrelated individuals under age 15.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015
Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
www.census.gov/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-254.html
14.9
21.5
13.5
10.0
15.3
16.7
15.0 14.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
All People Under 18 years 18 to 64years
65 years andolder
Percent SPM Official*
22
Comparison of SPM Poverty Estimates:
2013 and 2014
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 and
2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
www.census.gov/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-254.html
18.1
15.6 16.7
14.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
All People Under 18 years 18 to 64years
65 years andolder
No significant
difference
No significant
difference
Percent 2014 2013
23
Difference in SPM Rate After Including Each
Element: 2014
-8.2
-3.1
-1.5
-0.3
-1.2
-0.9
-0.3
-0.4
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.5
1.6
2.0
3.5
Social Security
Refundable tax credits
SNAP
SSI
Housing subsidies
Child support received
School lunch
TANF
WIC
LIHEAP
Child support paid
Federal income tax
FICA
Work expenses
Medical Out-of-Pocket
Percentage point change
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015
Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
www.census.gov/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-254.html 24
Unemployment Insurance
25
Changes in the rate of
health insurance coverage
reflect:
• Economic trends
• Demographic shifts
• Policy changes, such as the
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Uninsured at the time of interview
(American Community Survey)
Uninsured for entire calendar year
(Current Population Survey)
Percent
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 and
2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements, and 2008 to 2014
1-Year American Community Surveys. 26
Uninsured Rate: 2008 to 2014
10.4%
27
Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance
Coverage: 2014
*Military health care includes TRICARE and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical
Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs) as well as care provided by the Department
of Veterans Affairs and the military.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 Annual Social and
Economic Supplement.
10.4
89.6
66.0
55.4
14.6
36.5
16.0
19.5
4.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Uninsured
With health insurance
Any private plan
Employment-based
Direct-purchase
Any government plan
Medicare
Medicaid
Military health care*
-4 -2 0 2 4
-4 -2 0 2 4
28
Change in Percentage of People by Type of Health
Insurance Coverage: 2013 to 2014
Note: Between 2013 and 2014, there was not a statistically significant change in the percentage of
people covered by employment-based health insurance or military health care.
*Military health care includes TRICARE and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the
Department of Veterans Affairs) as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and
the military.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 and 2015 Annual Social and
Economic Supplements.
Uninsured
With health insurance
Any private plan
Employment-based
Direct-purchase
Any government plan
Medicare
Medicaid
Military health care*
Percentage point change:
2014 minus 2013
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
Age
Percent 2014
2013
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 and 2014 1-Year
American Community Surveys. 29
Uninsured Rate by Single Year of Age: 2013 and 2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Worked full time, year round Less than full time, year round Nonworkers
Uninsured Rate by Work Experience, Ages 18 to 64 Years:
2013 and 2014
Percent
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,
2014 and 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 30
2014 2013
-2.7 percentage points
-6.3 percentage points -4.9
percentage points
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Less than $25,000 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more
Uninsured Rate by Household Income:
2013 and 2014 Percent
31
2014 2013
-4.3 percentage points
-5.0 percentage points
-2.6 percentage points
-1.7 percentage points
-0.8 percentage points
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,
2014 and 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Uninsured Rate by Race and Hispanic Origin:
2013 and 2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
White, not Hispanic Black Asian Hispanic
32
Percent 2014 2013
-2.1 percentage points
-4.5 percentage points
-4.5 percentage points
-4.1 percentage points
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,
2014 and 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Uninsured Rate by Nativity: 2013 and 2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Native born Naturalized citizen Noncitizen
Percent
33
2014 2013
-7.5 percentage points
-5.2 percentage points
-2.4 percentage points
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey,
2014 and 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 1-Year American
Community Survey. 34
Uninsured Rate by State: 2014
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 and 2014 1-Year
American Community Surveys. 35
Decrease in Uninsured Rate by State: 2013 to 2014
*Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2014.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 1-Year American Community Survey. 36
Uninsured Rate by State and
Medicaid Expansion Status: 2014
37 *Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2014.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 and 2014 1-Year American Community Surveys.
Decrease in Uninsured Rate by State and
Medicaid Expansion Status: 2013 to 2014
2013 2014 Percent
38
Uninsured Rate by Poverty Status and
Medicaid Expansion of State for Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years:
2013 and 2014
2013 2014
-6.4 percentage points
-1.5 percentage points
-4.0 percentage points
-4.8 percentage points
-1.4 percentage points
*Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2014.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 and 2014 1-Year American Community Surveys.
-9.3 percentage points
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Below 100 percent ofpoverty
Between 100 and 399percent of poverty
At or above 400percent of poverty
Below 100 percent ofpoverty
Between 100 and 399percent of poverty
At or above 400percent of poverty
Expansion states* Non-expansion states*
• Median household money income for the nation was
$53,700.
• The official poverty rate for the nation was 14.8
percent. There were 46.7 million people in poverty.
• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate was
15.3 percent.
• The percentage of people without health insurance
coverage for the entire calendar year was 10.4
percent, or 33.0 million people. This was a decrease of
2.9 percentage points from the previous year.
2014 Highlights
39 Income rounded to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014 and 2015 Annual Social and
Economic Supplements.
Questions?
Dial-in number: 800-857-4620
Participant passcode: 9912525
40
American Community Survey (ACS)
September 17 ACS One-Year Estimates (2014)
December 10 ACS Five-Year Estimates (2010-2014)
Other Releases
December 15 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2014
Upcoming Releases
41
For additional questions, contact:
Media Public Information Office
301-763-3030
pio@census.gov
General Public Customer Services Center
1-800-923-8282 or
301-763-INFO (4636)
Press Kit Link
Random Samplings Blogs Link
http://blogs.census.gov/
42
http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-
kits/2015/income_poverty.html
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