incorporating direct quotes choices….choices….choices…

Incorporating Direct QuotesChoices….choices….choices…

Which is More Powerful Writing?

• Lazarus’s poem “The New Colossus” repeatedly asked for new immigrants through its positive and welcoming tone (Lazarus 8).

• Lazarus’s poem “The New Colossus” repeatedly asked for new immigrants through its positive and welcoming tone and such powerful lines as “give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses” (Lazarus 8). Here, Lazarus beckoned and pleaded for new immigrants to come to America, and by doing so, she created a very welcoming environment for those potentially afraid of this new country.

Why Use Direct Quotes?• Quotes are, oftentimes, more powerful

than paraphrases.

• Show that you’ve read the material.

• Incorporate great writing (from the original) into YOUR great writing.

The Rules!!

• Paraphrases or direct quotes must maintain the MEANING of the original text.

• Direct quotes must have quotation marks around the quoted material.

• Direct quotes must spell and capitalize items the same way as in the original (even if incorrect!)

The Rules – Part Dos!!

• Paraphrases and direct quotes must be internally cited – (Smith 56).

• Paraphrased and directly cited material must be cited on the Works Cited page also.

The Exceptions!!

• You may affect the pronoun person of the original text.– Change “I” to “he” or “she”– Change “we” to “they”– Etc.

• You may affect the verb tense of the original text.– Change “is” to “was”– Change “are” to “were”– Etc.

Why change stuff?

• The point of quote integrations is to integrate evidence SMOOTHLY and SUBTLY.

• Sometimes changing the pronoun person or the verb tense helps the flow in YOUR paper.

• Remember…original meaning must be maintained.

How to Change Stuff• Use square brackets around items you

are changing within the quote……

• Original - I am a good student.

• Changed – “[He was] a good student.”

• Notice – quote’s meaning is the same!

Examples• As I grow older, I pay less attention to

what men say. I just watch what they do.– Original text…(Carnegie 1)

• Your integration…

• Carnegie truly was a robber baron. He did not listen to his workers. “[He paid] less attention to what men [said]” (Carnegie 1). Instead he watch[ed] what they [did]” (Carnegie 1).

How did I change the original?• Original – I

• New – [He]

• Original – says

• New – [said]

• Original – do

• New – [did]

Reasons to change….

• Keep whole paper in THIRD person.

• Keep whole paper in ONE tense

– PAST tense – history

One Other Way to Change

• The Ellipsis (…)

• This can be used to cut stuff OUT of a direct quote when inserting into a paper.

• Remember…you cannot change the meaning of the original text.

Example

• The girl did not do her homework.

• CANNOT become

• The girl did…do her homework.

Use Sparingly….

• Do not use the ellipsis if you quote the middle part of a complete sentence.

• Use only if you take stuff out of the middle of a line from the text.

Reason to Change

• You want to include a quote but there is stuff in that original that does not help your argument because it is irrelevant.

• The quote will flow better within YOUR writing if you change a pronoun or tense.

Never…never

• Just plop in a complete sentence from the original (with quotes) into your writing.

• You must FRAME the quote (and probably chop off the end) in YOUR writing so it flows better.

Overall GOAL

• Use others’ ideas (and give credit) to make your own argument seem more VALID.– Since others’ ideas are out there to support

what you are saying!

• Integrate quotes smoothly so the reader doesn’t even notice them– Other than the quotation marks and the

citations!

Choices…choices

• When writing, you have SO many choices about how / if / when to incorporate quotes.

• If you forget the technical way to do it (brackets, ellipsis) use a “workaround” and quote less or different material.

Original Text• Billy Little was one of Mr. Peabody’s

students. He loved baseball more than anything, and he thought Mr. Peabody was the greatest. After each game, he would always stay to help pick up all the bats and balls. And when they were finished, Mr. Peabody would smile and say, “Thanks, Billy, good job. I’ll see you next Saturday.” (p. 9)

Defend the following:• Billy thought highly of Mr. Peabody.

• Billy thought highly of Mr. Peabody. Billy thought that “Mr. Peabody was the greatest” (Madonna 9). In addition, Billy showed his positive feelings toward Mr. Peabody by staying “to help pick up all the bats and balls” (Madonna 9). Billy enjoyed working for Mr. Peabody, and he demonstrated his feelings often.

Another example of the same original text.

• Billy thought highly of Mr. Peabody.

• Billy thought fondly of Mr. Peabody, and he often thought that Mr. Peabody was “the greatest” (Madonna 9). Even after baseball games, Billy would stick around and help his role model “to pick up all the bats and balls,” demonstrating his feelings for his mentor (Madonna 9). Finally, Billy demonstrated his friendship toward Mr. Peabody by accepting Mr. Peabody’s thanks and “would smile” at the compliments he received” (Madonna 9).

Green Eggs and Ham

• Sam clearly did not like green eggs and ham. He exclaimed that he “[did] not like them” (Seuss 12).

• Or….

• Sam clearly did not like green eggs and ham. He shouted that he did “not like them” (Seuss 12).

• He would not eat them “with a fox [,]…with a fox[,]…in a tree[,]…

• He would not eat them in the random locations his friend offered. For example, he would not eat them “in a box” (Seuss 12).

• He would not eat them “ANYWHERE!” (Seuss 12).

Original Text

• Then he would start his walk home along the main street of Happville, waving hello to everyone he know, and everyone would wave hello back. Along the way, he always passed Mr. Funkadeli’s fruit market. Here Mr. Peabody would stop and admire Mr. Funkadeli’s fresh apples. He would pick out the shiniest apple, drop it in the bag, and continue on his way. (p. 10)

Defend the following:• Mr. Peabody did many activities on his way home.

• Mr. Peabody did many activities on his way home. First, he “wave[ed] hello to everyone he knew” (Madonna 10). He also “always passed by Mr. Funkadeli’s fruit market” (Madonna 10). In addition, Mr. Peabody “stop[ped] and admire[d]…[the] fresh apples….He…pick[ed] out the shiniest apple [and] drop[ped] it in his bag” (Madonna 9). Peabody completed all of his chores on his way home.

Original Text• “Oh dear, Mr. Peabody,” said Tommy, on the

doorstep. “I didn’t understand. I should not have said what I said, but it looked like you hadn’t paid for the apples.”

• Mr. Peabody’s eyebrows went up a little, and he felt a warm breeze blow across his face. “It doesn’t matter what it looked like. What matters is the truth.”

• Tommy looked down at his shoes, and said, “I am so sorry. What can I do to make things better, now?”

• Mr. Peabody took a deep breath, looked up at a small cloud that was in the sky, and said, “I’ll tell you what, Tommy…”

(p.20)

Defend the following:• Tommy misunderstood the situation.

• Tommy clearly misunderstood the situation that he thought he saw. He thought he saw Mr. Peabody not “pa[ying] for the apples” (Madonna 20). In fact. Mr. Peabody had paid for the apples, and he reiterated the truth when he said, “It doesn’t matter what it looks like” (Madonna 20). Tommy then learned from his mistake, admitting that when he said that he wanted to “make things better, now” (Madonna 20), but he had definitely made a mistake in judgment earlier.

Another example of the same original text

• Tommy misunderstood the situation.

• Tommy clearly misunderstood the situation that he thought he saw. He thought he saw Mr. Peabody not “pa[ying] for the apples” (Madonna 20). In fact. Mr. Peabody had paid for the apples, and he reiterated the truth when he said, “It doesn’t matter what it looks like” (Madonna 20). Tommy then learned from his mistake and “said, ‘[he was] so sorry’” (Madonna 20)…