increasing speaking,listening, reading, and writing vocabularies and word recognition chapter 5
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Increasing Speaking,Listening, Reading, and Writing
Vocabularies and Word Recognition
Chapter 5
How students decode and develop vocabularies
Parallel distributed processing ( how brain associates words with their meaning) The brain detects patterns in sounds and symbols it seescan acquire vocabulary through experiences in literature in
an integrated programThe major difference between poor and better readers is that
better readers read more than poorer ones and better readers recognize the meanings of most words instantly and automatically.
How can teachers help?Read aloud to studentsGive more chances to talk, read, and speakBy third or fourth grade, children’s ability to continuously
expand their oral vocabularies will significantly affect their level of lifelong reading success.
Varied heterogeneous reading groupsuse of multiple decoding strategies for learning new
words.
How can we help build vocabulary ?
Teach students to think of how words relate to each otheridentify new vocabulary as you readanticipate new words they may encounterwrite the new words as you are saying them
Semantic mapping or webbing
The visual organization in which thoughts and ideas are diagramed to demonstrate their relationship to each other.Library of Graphic Organizers
Decoding and Encoding
Decoding changes written word or spoken word into meaning.Student must use certain strategies and check decoding
against their understandings about life, and what makes sense in the story
Encoding translates the word into letters or sounds that will communicate to others
Teaching sight word strategies
Content -specific sight wordsteach in context of subject matterword imagery
Basic sight wordsconfiguration (shape)teach most used words first
Signal sight wordsShows relationship, order, summations, or changes in
thoughts and ideas, more of same or different cominguse same word in different sentencesteach directly
Phonics
Science of matching speech sounds to printed letters while reading and spelling
controversyUse fourteen generalizations to decode 80% of the
phonetically regular English words
Phonetic generalizationsUse when a word looks
similar to one they already know
Model how to select the proper generalizationstop at difficult word think about words around it tell how you selected
generalization let students do a think aloud
Learn to use fourteen generalizations rapidly and independently learn letter names and
phonemes learn reoccurring spelling
patterns learn most common
sequence of letters within words
Decode by analogy
(comparisons)Use rhymeUse words in language
experience
BlendingSay medial vowel sound
firstBlend beginning sound
withAdd ending sound
Change words that begin with a single consonant to ones with blends
Structural Analysis
Analyze sections of the multisyllable word to determine meaning and build vocabularyroot words, suffixes, prefixesSpelling patterns
Semantic and Syntactic context clues
Use position word holds in a sentenceUse meanings of words around it in the sentencecontextual wedges
Using Dictionaries and thesauruses
Teach dictionary usageDictionary sword drillsdefinitions general to specializedidentify meaning used in readinguse first letter to open to most efficient placealphabetical order to third letterguide wordsdiacritical markings and accents
Locate the parts of speechhow to skim a page to locate word quicklysyllabication markingshow to know the preferred spellinghow to use preface and appendiceshow to find synonyms and antonyms in word
definitions
Ask a Friend or Teacher
What to do when you don’t know a word ?
Must know basic sight wordsanalyze words with familiar spelling patternsuse structural analysis if it is a long worduse other words in the sentenceask a friend or teacherlook in dictionary
Reader selected miscuesHave students mark word
that they have difficulty with
Teacher looks to see if there are common difficulties
What’s in my head
Put 25 words on board in groups of fiveNumber paper from one to fiveGive five clues for each grouping to help find the
specific wordWrite the word on the paper
Decoding differences between languages
Meet with students individually to decode wordsKnow the conflicts between the first and second
language to help with problemsFind cognates in languages ( pairs of words
formed from the same root)
Technology support
Electronic booksMultimediaMultimedia that is interactive -videodiscsMappingGraphingResearching
Other things of interest
Reading aloud is one of the best methods of advancing student’s communication and thinking abilities
Think pads
Holiday books
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