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Industrial Area Planning and Management: Status, Needs and Challenges in India
July 6, 2009
Faculty of Planning and Public PolicyCEPT, Ahmedabad
www.cept.ac.inashwani@cept.ac.in
International Conference on ‘Eco-Industrial Parks’
HICC, HITEX, Hyderabad
Presented by:Ashwani Kumar
Utpal Sharma Anil Kumar Roy
CEPT, AHMEDABAD
Indian Industrial Sector : Paradigm Shift
• Economic, Environmental and Social priorities
• 1948 and 1956: Industrial Policy Resolution • 1951 : Industries (Development and Regulation)
Act• 1977 & 1980 : Statement of Industrial Policy • 1991 : New Industrial Policy (NIP)Policy instruments
FDI globalized regimeTax holidaysIndustrial packagesIndustries corridorsExport-import policies.
NatureTypologyScaleRaw material Employment Technology
Perspective of Five Year Plan on Industrial Development in India
1st Backward Area and Balanced Development of Industries
2nd Basic/Heavy Industries and labour intensive
3rd Balanced Regional Development and license policy; nuclei growth centers
4th Further incentive of Industrial dispersal into rural areas
5th Strengthening of machinery for integrated approach supported with studies
6th(On
wards) Clusters and backward area incentives, Exports promotion, tax benefits, Technology upgrdation, production efficiency
11th Fiscal Incentives, Economic Zones, Infrastructure, logistics, Private participation
Typology of Industrialization
• Industrial clusters, growth centers • Foot loose Large, medium and Small industries • Industrial Estates/Areas
• Free Trade Zones/ Export Processing Zones (EPZs), EPIP
• Industries Townships/Development Authorities• Software Technology Parks/Electronic Hardware
Technology Parks, IT and ITES • Special Economic Zones, Special Investment
Regions • Dedicated industrial/freight corridors
Industrial Estate Development Objectives
The objectives of promoting the Industrial Estates were:
To create essential factory sheds or land for setting of industries units in orderly and organized manner.
Provide the basic facilities in these centers i.e power, lighting, banking, telecommunications, shopping , social facilities etc.
To stimulate the industrialization in backward and tribal areas
To develop the Small Scale Industries
Approach adopted?Reservation of Items for SSI units
Financial Assistance in form of capital risk, long term and medium term loans, sort term working capital by State Financial institutions
Tax benefits, subsidized infrastructure facilities, etc.
Structure Large and medium• More than 200,000 Factories
• A work force of 14 million workers, and 4 million technical personnel
• Manufacturing currently represents 24% of gross domestic product
SSI/Cottage • Grown from 80,000 units in the
late 1940s more than 3.3 million SSI (2004-05) working units with 18 millions employees and with more than 2 million cottage industries
• SSI sector alone contributes 7% to India’s GDP.
Year No. of units
(million nos.)
Production
(Billion Rs. )
Employment
(Million nos.)
Exports (Billion Rs.))
1993-94
2.38 2416.48 13.93 253.07
1994-95
2.57 2988.86 14.65 290.68
1995-96
2.65 3626.56 15.26 364.70
1996-97
2.80 4118.58 16.00 392.70
1997-98
2.94 4626.41 16.72 444.42
1998-99
3.08 5206.50 17.15 489.79
1999-00
3.21 5728.87 17.85 542.00
2000-01
3.37 6454.96 18.56 599.78
Performance of Small Scale Sector
(at current prices)(Ref: 2004-05 Annual Report of SSI Ministry)
EoUs in SEZs
• 439 SEZs formally approved and more than 200 notified
• Total land area involved in approved SEZ is 60168 hectares
• Areas with State Industrial Development Corporations in 97 approved SEZs 20,000 hectares
• Most of Notified SEZs are of IT/ITES nature
• Total Export (2007-08) from EoU (in and outside SEZs) was Rs. 766.15 billion
Problems of Industrial Estates (IE)? Problems of Industrial Estates (IE)?
Siting
Lack of adequate infrastructure
Environmental protection measures
Logistic support
Landuse Control and Land Management
Lack of PlanningIE are usually located in areas which are not having any protection to natural water environment
Sensitive receiving EnvironmentNatural water is precious commodity for the human consumption in the rural areas, which got effected due to pollutionNecessitate regulation/minimization of pollution Enforced regulation
Logistics SupportInter and Intra country transport, Warehousing, Systems
Landuse control/ Land Management Zonation, Availability of suitable land
Genesis of Environmental Issues in SSIs
• Due to the policies initiated, the IE dominated by the SSI and lead areas lead to environmental pollution, hazards and risk:– Inadequate technological understating
(high waste generation and lax attitude towards treatment)
– Lack of space for implementation of pollution control measure
– Ineffective process supervision and management
– Lack of consultative mechanism
– Non-availability of Treatment technologies for SSI
– Affordability
– In-effective regulation due to overstressed regulatory machinery and undesirable political interference etc
Hotspots in India: Water
Source: CSE Report based on CPCB Norms
Prevailing Environmental conditions in Industrials Estates
Soil Contaminated, degraded, eroded and devoid of life formFlora and Fauna
Lost Biodiversity, un-protected, development driven degradation
Water Bodies
Polluted lakes/rivers/canals, drying -up due to lack of water availability choking with solid waste, loss of natural drainages Industries Mixed within residential areas, poor working conditions, inadequate space for environmental infrastructure, in-efficient use of resources, disposal of waste
Water In-adequate drinking water, polluted ground waterAir Polluted from Industrial, Vehicular and commercial
emissions, NoiseRoads Inadequate and narrow, congested, poor quality,
encroached , parking Waste water
huge quantity, inadequate collection, partial treatment, disposal in natural water-bodies
Solid waste Rapidly increasing quantity, inadequate collection, insanitary plots, no treatment, insanitary disposal
IEP Components
• Identification and delineation of suitable IE sites [landuse sensitivity, pollution potential, environmental sensitivity, land potential);
• Generation of a suitable industrial development format (nature, scale/size, type)
• Social and environmental impact assessment and management
(risks prediction, spatial influence)
• Infrastructure Master Plan [physical, logistical, environmental and social]
• Landuse Zonation plan [development zone, buffer zone, infrastructure corridors]
• Development (Landuse) controls regulations; and • Information, Communication and Telecommunication plan
Industrial Estate Planning (IEP)A sustainable development step
Major Challenges
Lack of advocacy for planned industrial development;
Low capacity for physical & infrastructure planning, development and management at par with international standards;
Acute crunch of trained human resources;
Non-supportive policy regime;
Inadequate facilities, allied amenities in the Industrial areas;and
Lack of capacity of the industrial developers
Tools and Techniques for IEP
Information Systems (GIS/MIS)
Sustainability Analysis
Climate Risk Assessment
Industrial Hazard/Risk Assessment
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Industrial Ecology tools
Recourse Flow Analysis
Modeling
Projections and Predictive
Site Assessment
Spatial Planning
Tool and Techniques
A R C H I T E C T S A N D P L A N N E R SVASTU SHILPA
CONSULTANTS
CYBERABAD DEVELOPMENT PLAN
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT PLAN
CYBERABAD : PROPOSED STRUCTURE PLAN
A R C H I T E C T S A N D P L A N N E R S
VASTU SHILPA
CYBERABAD : PROPOSED FSI VARIATIONS
FSI GR. FLOORS BLDG HTS.X COV. (%) WITH OUT
PARKING
1.0 30-50 2-3 6-9 M1.25 30-40 3-5 9-15 M1.5 25-30 4-6 12-18 M1.75 20-30 6-9 18-27 M3.0 20-30 10-15 30-45 M3.5 15-25 14-24 42-72 M4.0 18-25 16-40 48-120 M
HITEC CITY
PROPOSED FSI
FSI 3.0
FSI 4.0FSI 3.5
RAJGARI
SUVALI
HAZIRA
MORA
KAVAS
LIMLA
BHATPOR
ICCHAPORE
TO DUMAS
AMENITIES WITH OPEN SPACE
VILLAGE BOUNDRYEXISTING ROADWATERBODY
EXISTING RAILWAY
SUDA BOUNDRYHNA BOUNDRY
PROPOSED MASTERPLAN AREA
HIGH TENSION LINE
HADA BOUNDRY
GAMTAL
LARGE SCALE INDUSTRYMEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRY
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL
PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION HUBPROPOSED AMENITIES
COMMERCIALOPEN SPACEGREEN BELT
LEGEND
GAS LINEOIL LINE
RIVER TAPI
HNA BOUNDARY
SUDA BOUNDARY
HADA BOUNDARY
RELIANCE
L & T
NTPCKHIBCO
ONGC
VANSVA
SMALL SCALE
MEDIUM SCALE
MEDIUM SCALE
LARGE SCALE
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
DAMKA
BARBODHAN
DRAFT MASTER PLAN OF HAZIRALanduse Total Hazira
Region (ha)Total %
Industrial 1616.93 9.64
Residential 2991.44 17.83
Commercial 49.13 0.29
Roads 567.28 3.38
Railway 204.54 1.22
Transportation Hub 404.77 2.41
Amenities 477.39 2.84
Green Open Space 2898.12 17.27
Settlement 38.62 0.23
Waterbody 121.65 0.72
River 84.09 0.50
Forest 90.04 0.54
Existing Industries (outside HNA)
70.32 0.42
River bet 2051.93 12.23
Total Proposed Area 11666.24 69.52
HNA 3491.22 20.80
Tena Creek 379.96 2.26
River Tapi 1244.32 7.41
Total Master Plan Area
16781.74 100.00
For Urban Development and UrbanHousing Department, Govt. of Gujarat
Year: 2000
AMOD
VAGRA
ANKLESVAR
BHARUCH
ALIA BET
VAGRA- DAHEJ SUB REGIONAL PLAN GUJARAT
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN
For Gujarat Ecology Commission(GEC), Vadodara
Year: 1997
LAND RISK ANALYSIS
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
FOREST
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
WATERBODIES
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
SLOPE
Planned and Regulated Development
POTENTIAL
THREAT
NATURE and HUMAN
RELATIVE LOCATION
Spatial Planning ?
Land Use Pattern in the Growth Centre Region – Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh
NEDFi, Guwahati (for all the North Eastern
States)Central
Government
Department of Industries Department
of Finance
Other Departments
of Government
of Arunachal
Pradesh
Government of Arunachal Pradesh /
Nagaland
Arunachal Pradesh / NagalandGrowth Centres Development Corporation
(proposed)Objective:
Promotion, Operationalising and Maintaining the Growth Centre
Land Use Pattern in the Growth Centre Region – Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh
Information Management
SOURCE INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
OF INFORMATION COLLECTION PROCESSING USERS
SYSTEM SYSTEMPromoting agency
Pollution control board
Industry
Data bankData
processing
Policy planning
group
Estate promoter
Pollution control devices
Legislative action
Industries of estate
Consent application forms
questionnaire
Reconnaissance survey
Wet inventory
Centre for Industrial Areas Planning and Management at CEPT
Aimed to focus on capacity building of human resource involved in designing/planning, development & management of large scale industrial development
Research and Development
Education
Training
Monitoring and Evaluation
Technical support
Documentation and Dissemination of information
Development Partnership/Networking
In the context of globalization, pursuance of this mission would mean adoption of innovative, flexible and transparent approaches, methodologies/delivery mechanisms that keep pace with rapidly changing environment.
Academic (Masters Programme) / course curriculum
1st YEAR – 1st SEMESTER 1st YEAR – 2nd SEMESTERFoundation Semester Technical Semester
No. Course Title No. Course Title1.1
1.21.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Industrial Development: Social and Economical ImplicationsLand Use PlanningStatistics and Research MethodologyRemote Sensing and Geographical Information SystemStrategic Planning for Industrial DevelopmentStudio: Industrial Area Planning
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Industrial Infrastructure Planning and DesignIndustrial Law, Policies and RegulationsLand Management and EconomicsEnergy Planning and ManagementIndustrialization in Global ContextElective:A. Industrial EcologyB. Industrial Risk and HazardStudio: Industrial Infrastructure Planning & Facility Management
2nd YEAR – 3rd SEMESTER 2nd YEAR – 4th SEMESTERSpecialization Semester Rsearch Semester
No. Course Title No. Course Title3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Environmental Assessment and RegulationsIndustrial Plan Implementation Strategies Development Appraisal and FinanceRegional Development and Resource PlanningElective:A. Environmental Infrastructure and ServicesB. Real EstateStudio: Industrial Risk Assessment and Management
4.14.2
Management PracticesResearch Thesis
Academic programme / course curriculum
What should be done?
Long terms vision creation for land management
Synchronisation of Policies
Human resource, knowledge base government-industry-academia interface
Intuitional strengthening, capacity building [project planning, infrastructure design & development, project implementation]
Facilitation AND Industrial Area Services Agencies
Resource Mobilization [financial management and economic analysis]
Thank You !
Wish you and your dear ones
“A safe, pollution free happy and joyful life “
Ashwani Kumar CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING & TECHNOLOGYKASTURBHAI LALBHAI CAMPUSUniversity Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad – 380 009Phone no.: (079) 26302470, 26302740Email : ashwani_iitk03@yahoo.co.in, ashwani@cept.ac.in
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