info@war.mil nonlinear science, informatics, and transformations of u.s. military thought in the...
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Info@war.mil
Nonlinear Science, Informatics, and Nonlinear Science, Informatics, and Transformations of U.S. Military Thought Transformations of U.S. Military Thought
in the Post-Vietnam Erain the Post-Vietnam Era
Sean LawsonSean Lawson
Dissertation Proposal DefenseDissertation Proposal Defense
Department of Science and Technology StudiesDepartment of Science and Technology Studies
Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteRensselaer Polytechnic Institute
21 April 200621 April 2006
Sage 5203Sage 5203
Introduction and Organization
OrganizationOrganization Proposal SummaryProposal Summary
Overview and objectivesOverview and objectivesBackground/periodizationBackground/periodizationSituating/significanceSituating/significanceComponentsComponentsPlan of work/timelinesPlan of work/timelines
““Preemptive Strike”Preemptive Strike”Known BugsKnown Bugs
Overview and Objectives
“Performance of U.S. forces in…Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom has provided a glimpse of the potential future of the emerging way of war.” –Arthur K. Cebrowski, Director of Force Transformation
Overview
In the post-Vietnam period, how and why has the U.S. military increasingly conceived of information gathering, processing, and distribution—and the denial of those capabilities to the enemy—as the central activities of warfare, and how have these conceptions been inflected with metaphors of nonlinear science (i.e. chaos, complexity, networks) and notions of an emerging Information Age?
Objectives
Understanding more… & Thinking better
Background/Periodization
Three Phases of Post-Vietnam Change:Three Phases of Post-Vietnam Change: Military Reform Movement (1976-1991[?])Military Reform Movement (1976-1991[?]) Revolution in Military Affairs ([?]1986-1998)Revolution in Military Affairs ([?]1986-1998) Military Transformation (1998-present)Military Transformation (1998-present)
Military Reform Movement
John R. Boyd
“People, Ideas, Technology—In That Order !”
Revolution in Military AffairsIntelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR)
Precision-Guided Munitions (PGMs) Command, Control,
Communications, Computers (C4)
Military Transformation
Nonlinear Science Goes to War
A schematic drawing of Boyd’s theory of command and control. Feedback and blurred boundaries between observer and observed are important features.
Nonlinear Science Goes to War
Nonlinear Science Goes to War
BehaviorBehavior AdaptabilityAdaptability FlexibilityFlexibility Self-OrganizationSelf-Organization EmergenceEmergence ResilienceResilience RobustnessRobustness SpeedSpeed
StructureStructure NetworkedNetworked DecentralizedDecentralized Non-HierarchicalNon-Hierarchical FlatFlat AmorphousAmorphous DispersedDispersed DistributedDistributed
What Does it Mean to Be “Like” a Complex What Does it Mean to Be “Like” a Complex System?System?
Information Age Warfare
Situating/Significance
Science and Technology
StudiesInfo@war
.mil
History of Military
Technology
Military History
Components
Questions
Sources Framework
Second-Order Observing
I n f o @ w a r . m i l
Questions In the post-Vietnam period, how and why has the U.S. In the post-Vietnam period, how and why has the U.S.
military increasingly conceived of information gathering, military increasingly conceived of information gathering, processing, and distribution—and the denial of those processing, and distribution—and the denial of those capabilities to the enemy—as the central activities of capabilities to the enemy—as the central activities of warfare, and how have these conceptions been inflected warfare, and how have these conceptions been inflected with metaphors of nonlinear science (i.e. chaos, with metaphors of nonlinear science (i.e. chaos, complexity, networks) and notions of an emerging complexity, networks) and notions of an emerging Information Age?Information Age? Why did the U.S. military develop an interest in Information Why did the U.S. military develop an interest in Information
Warfare in the first place?Warfare in the first place? Why has the U.S. military accepted the idea that we now live in the Why has the U.S. military accepted the idea that we now live in the
Information Age?Information Age? Why has the U.S. military increasingly relied upon nonlinear Why has the U.S. military increasingly relied upon nonlinear
science-based metaphors?science-based metaphors? What is the relationship between information technology, military What is the relationship between information technology, military
knowledge and subject formation, language and rhetoric?knowledge and subject formation, language and rhetoric?
SourcesSource Type Examples
minutes of meetings
official publications internal policy and planning documents such as “vision statements,” doctrinal publications, and field manuals
public statements speeches by military officials, transcripts of news conferences and/or press briefings, transcripts of testimony before Congress
military professional journal articles Air and Space Power Journal (Air Force), Parameters (Army), Military Review (Army), Proceedings of the Naval Institute (Navy), Joint Forces Quarterly (Joint Staff), Marine Corps Gazette (Marine Corps)
letters
curricular materials from staff and war colleges
Army War College, Air War College, Naval War College, Marine Corps University, Naval Postgraduate School, National Defense University, National War College, Army Command and Staff College, Air Command and Staff College, College of Naval Command and Staff. Materials to be considered: syllabi, instructional texts, invited lectures, degree requirements
civilian university professional degree programs in security or strategic studies
Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service, MA in National Security Studies program; Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies, MA in Strategic Studies program. Materials to be considered: curricular materials
conference proceedings
interview transcripts conducted by myself or others
military-affiliated contractor/think-tank reports
RAND, Center for Naval Analysis, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Others
FrameworkThe World Military as
Observing System
Epistemic Culture/Apparatus
SKP
SKP SKP
Epistemic Culture/Apparatus
SKP SKP
SKP
Observation Observation
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
Workflow SourcesSources
Military Reform Movement
Boyd writes "Destruction and Creation"
Hart gives up Reform Caucus co-chair position
Hart publishes, "A New Democracy"
U.S. invades Grenada
Congress creates Office of Test Evaluation
Hart proposes reform defense budget
Lind prepares report critical of Grenada invasion tactics
Reagan forms "P ackard Commission"
Congress mandates competition in weapons
R&D
1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993
Military Reform Movement
Boyd writes "Destruction and Creation"
Hart gives up Reform Caucus co-chair position
Hart publishes, "A New Democracy"
U.S. invades Grenada
Congress creates Office of Test Evaluation
Hart proposes reform defense budget
Lind prepares report critical of Grenada invasion tactics
Reagan forms "P ackard Commission"
Congress mandates competition in weapons
R&D
1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993
Reference Manager
FileMaker Database
Excel Timelines
GraphViz Networks
Reports
Word processing
(Citation/bibliography)
“Closed”
Information Strategy
OpenMedia Reports
Nonclassified defense publications
Interviews
FOIA
R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
Proposed Chapters Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 1: Introduction
Part I: The Military Reform MovementPart I: The Military Reform Movement Chapter 2: The Reformers Observe the WorldChapter 2: The Reformers Observe the World Chapter 3: The Reformers Re-OrientChapter 3: The Reformers Re-Orient
Part II: The Revolution in Military AffairsPart II: The Revolution in Military Affairs Chapter 4: From Reform to Revolution: A Shift Chapter 4: From Reform to Revolution: A Shift
in Worldview?in Worldview? Chapter 5: The Revolution WithinChapter 5: The Revolution Within
Part III: Military TransformationPart III: Military Transformation Chapter 6: From New World Order to World Chapter 6: From New World Order to World
Without OrderWithout Order Chapter 7: Transforming MilitariesChapter 7: Transforming Militaries
Plan of Work/TimelinesDate Activity
February – May 2006 --Defend dissertation proposal (April)--Literature review and theoretical framework portions of Ch.1 (introduction).--Begin gathering “leads” to sources on military reform.
June – October 2006 --Research and writing on military reform movement.--Produce rough, working drafts of chapters 2 and 3.--Begin gathering “leads” to sources on RMA
November 2006 – March 2007 --Research and writing on RMA--Produce rough, working drafts of chapters 4 and 5.--Begin gathering “leads” to sources on military transformation.
April – August 2007 --Research and writing on military transformation--Produce rough, working drafts of chapters 6 and 7.
September – December 2007 --Revise theoretical framework and literature review portions of introduction.--Add project overview and outline of current debates sections to introduction.--Revise and rewrite in preparation of first draft.--Write chapter 8 (conclusions).
January 2008 --Submit first draft to committee.
March 2008 --Submit second draft to committee.--Present at RPI STS Colloquium.
April 2008 --Submit final draft to committee.
May 2008 --Dissertation defense.
Preemptive Strike
Known BugsKnown Bugs BackgroundBackground
Too heavily influenced by reformers’ Too heavily influenced by reformers’ accountsaccounts
Periodization—i.e. Why not 1945 Periodization—i.e. Why not 1945 ? ? Use of IW as blanket termUse of IW as blanket term Overcoming “the military” as rhetorical Overcoming “the military” as rhetorical
black boxblack box
Questions, Comments, Discussion…
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