inland fishing craft and gears

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INLAND FISHING CRAFTS AND GEARS

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CRAFTS

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INLAND CRAFTS FEATURES

Light, small with shallow draftMajority are indigenous and on mechanized. 1. rafts2. dug outs3. Plank built boats4. Flat bottom n round bottom5. Outrigger canoes6. Built up canoes7. Tin boats

INLAND FISHING CRAFTS

Shallow & protected

Fishing grounds nearer to landing centresComprise-Back waters, Reservoirs, Rivers, Lakes

IMPORTANT CRAFTS

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• Dominant in South Indian reservoirs• Consists of a very large wide mouthed circular

flat bottomed basket, sides comparatively low• A hide stretched outside & firmly tied to

exclude water• Gill nets, shore seines, longlines operated• Manned by 2 fishermen• Gill nets are commonly done, 4-5 nets

operated from each coracle• Conspicuous in Tungabhadra(KAR), Mettur(TN),

Nagarjunasagar (AP) reservoirs

CORACLE

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CORACLE

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FLOAT WITH SEALED TINS

• Empty kerosene sealed tins are improvised to make floats, they are enclosed in gunny bags/tied with planks/ropes

• Reservoirs of Maharashtra (Yaldari & Ujjani), A.P.(Hussainsagar n Nagarjunasagar) , Karnataka (Tungabhadra reservoir)

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DRIED GRASS RAFT

• Made out of dried grass in triangular shape

• Cast nets and gill nets are operated• Used in Tungabhadra reservoir

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INFLATED RUBBER TUBES

• Inflated rubber tubes of motor vehicles used for fishing- Hussainsagar reservoir of A.P, reservoirs of Bilwara district of Rajastan

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• Known as Teppa- Nizamsagar & Hussain sagar of A.P, Mettur reservoir & backwaters of Tamil Nadu.

• Locally called chalathadi in KeralaMade of 3-5 logs, tied with coir ropesPropulsion with split bamboo oars & sailsUsed in pairs to operate boat seines &

individually to operate longlines and for cast netting

CATAMARANS

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CATAMARANS

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DONGA

• Made of wood.• As Common in other rivers of

Bihar,Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal ; Ganga(donga)

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Special type of dug-out in Kolleru lake (A.P)

2 butt sections of palms r hollowed out on 1 side n lashed together parallel but at a distance apart by bamboo poles

Butt end being bulbous, craft extremely wide on 1 side n other end is truncated n narrow

SANGEDAM

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WOODEN RAFTS

1. PLANTAIN STEM5-6 Plantain stems are twisted, ends

trimmed, fastened together raft wise by thin strakes/skewer of wood(oblique) at each end.

Used in rivers of Bihar andTamil nadu2. CHETTY RAFTo earthen pot raft seen in Bihar, earthen pots

arranged in 3 rows in Tamil Nadu, earthen pots turned upside down and connected)

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• Flat bottom.• Flat bottom-ideal shape to maneuver

shallow waters many reservoirs of North Indian states• 5-6 logs made of locally available light

wood, tied by coconut plank poles, fastened by coir ropes

• Propulsion by paddles• Used for hook & line operation

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RAFT

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ROUND, BOTTOM PLANK BUILT BOATS

a) BATCHARI-operated in rivers of W.B. Used for operation of drift nets, bag nets n dip nets in sea, rivers & estuaries. Found suitable for mechanization

b) CHOT- used for shore seine operation in Hooghly river, small lateen sail. Used for operating heavier gear like seine net & bag net

c) SALTI- hull oval in shape, operates set nets in creeks (Orissa-Balasore)

d) CHANDI- N. Orissa, W. B., to operate bag nets, seines & drift nets, seldom carries sail

e) MACHWA- for operating large nets in estuarine waters of Gujarat

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MACHWA

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Ganges dinghi

• Constructed with planks, narrow tapering bow n stern, without keel ,rivers of W.B.

• For operating gill nets to catch hilsa

DINGHI

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WEST BENGAL

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UTTAR PRADESH

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• Shoe shaped with wide flat forward• sharp stem, strongly flared bow sections• narrows greatly in the aft , transom stern• fore part is decked, has spray board• steers by oar from aft deck• Special type of dug-out in Kolleru lake (A.P)

SHOE DHONI

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BUILT UP CANOES TIN BOATS

plank built boats in the shape of dug-out

Clinker built canoes-fishing in Pulicat lake & back waters of Madras

Large size carvel planked canoes-popular in Chilka lake-iron nails clinched on iron washers used to fasten planks

• Made out of tin• Reservoirs of U.P.,

Bihar and Rajastan• Provided with flat

bottom

CANOES

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DUG OUTS CANOES

• Commonly used for inshore marine operations in Karnataka and Kerala.

made by scooping out material from single large trunks of trees like aini, mango

Propulsion by sails and paddles No rudder used, steering by big paddles on

quarter sides Small & medium dug-outs used for gill nets

and lines• Similar type, but smaller ones used in

reservoirs of TN, MP, Bihar, Manipur & Tripura

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DUG OUT CANOE

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Built with planks in the shape of a dug-out Wooden planks sewn with coir ropes A layer of black pitch applied inside to make

craft water tight Paddles for propulsion, occasionally sails are

used Operate seines & gill nets

PLANK BUILT {TONA VALLAM}

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TONA VALLAM

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TONA VALLAM

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OUTRIGGER CANOES

• Used in Velar river near Port Nova in TN

• Usually small dug-out fitted with outrigger float boomed out by means of 2 poles at a distance from the canoe

• Used for operations of cast nets • Mast and sails not used

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GEARS

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In bag nets the fishes enter voluntarily and are caught by filtering. They are kept open vertically by a totally or partially framed mouth and horizontally by the current.

These are small bag nets operated by hand and or moved through the water i.e. the fishes are caught by the scooping action. They are variously shaped. They have almost round frame.

BAGNETS

SCOOPNET

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BAGNET

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SCOOP NET

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They are cast over the area where fishes are suspected to be found, then gathered and lifted to collect the fish. This is one of the most common gears used.

Its one of the most suitable fishing catch methods which is being widely used. The fishes are caught by gilling. Its best method from the conservation and stock regulation point of view. It’s a passive fishing method & can be operated even from the most primitive fishing crafts.

CAST NETS

GILL NETS

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CAST NET

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GILL NET

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DRIFT GILL NETS

These nets drift along with the currents and the winds .There is no anchor. They can be used in any layer of water. During operation one end is tied to a boat and the other end carries a marker buoy to help in the location of the net.

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SEINES

The manner of capture is to surround an area of water with a long net with or without a bag at the center. Two long ropes are tied to the ends of the net, which help in hurling the fish as well as the hauling. The gear is towed over the area with both ends fixed to a point on the shore or on a vessel. Seines which are operated from a boat are called BOAT SEINE.

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SIENE

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LIFT NETS

• The method of capture in lift nets is by lifting the gear submerged at the required depth either by hand or mechanically from the shore or from a boat.

HAND LIFT NETS – Small lift nets are operated with hands with no fixed installations. Mostly used to catch crabs.

MECHANIZED LIFT NETS – Larger lift nets mostly mechanized installations situated along the shore.

CHINESE LIFT NESTS OPERATED ALONG THE KERALA BACKWATER IS A FAMOUS EXAMPLE OF MECHANIZED LIFT NETS.

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CHINESE DIP NET

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DRAG NETS

• This group includes active gears which are towed through water and manner of their capture is by filtration. The nets are either operated through a boat or in shallow waters.

• Its usually made of an oblong iron frame with an attached bagnet. Its mostly used to collect shell fishes.

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DRAG NET

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HOOK AND LINE

Fishes are lured by edible or artificial

baits or lure which stimulates the appearance and movement of the natural prey and are finally held by the hook on seine on the bait or lure. The hook is connected to a line or snood. The fish is also held by piercing action of hooks or jigs.

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HOOK AND LINE

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TRAPS• Traps are passive fishing gears with

enclosures to which the fishes are lured or guided and from which the escape is made difficult by means of labyrinths or retarding devices like funnels or constrictions.

• Pots are cages or baskets made from materials like wood, wicker, metal rods, wire nettings, and reinforced plastic designed to catch fish, crustaceans by enticing them with baits or shelter spaces.

• They are usually set on the bottom singly or in series by ropes and positions marked by buoys.

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KOODU

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OTTAL

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TRAWLERS

• Trawls is a conical net consisting mainly of two panels – upper and lower panel. The belly is wide at the mouth and narrow towards the cod end.

• Trawling has been attempted only in two reservoirs in India ; Gandhi Sagar and Hirakud.

• Single Boat bottom Trawlers, Two Boat Bottom trawlers, Two boat mid water trawlers has been used.

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TRAWLER

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TRAWLER IN OPERATION

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