innovations in development majara
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INNOVATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
24x7 SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY to Villages of Punjab
Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Drinking Water Supply in Rural Areas of Punjab remained a majorchallenge despite the fact that surface and ground water is abundantly available
in Punjab.
Historically, even the state Punjab has derived its name from the word
"Punj Aab" meaningFive Waters
referring to the five rivers namely the Beas,
the Ravi, the Sutlej, the Chenab and the Jhelum traversing the undivided Punjab
(prior to 1947).
Map of Five Rivers flowing in Punjab before Independence (1947)
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After Independence the state of Punjab has left with only three rivers namely The
Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej.
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These rivers have bestowed Punjab with fertile land and abundant supply of
surface and ground water. However, easy availability of water resulted in its
reckless use, over exploitation of aquifers and indiscriminate pollution of waterbodies. This 'Problem of Plenty' has entailed to serious Quality Problems and
depleting water table. As per Central Ground Water Board, India, out of 138
blocks of Punjab State, 112 Blocks are stated to be over exploited.
Apart from above water pollution has engulfed the entire state thereby
rising water quality issue. In addition to heavy metal pollution the following are
the common chemical pollutant occurring in the ground water of the Punjab.
Ground Water Quality Problems
Contaminants Districts affected (in part)
Salinity (EC > 3000 S/cm at 25 C) Firozepur, Faridkot, Bathinda, Mansa,
Muktsar, Sangrur
Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l) Amritsar, Bhatinda, Faridkot, fatehgarh
Sahib, Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Mansa,
Moga, Muktsar, Patiala, Sangrur
Chloride (> 1000 mg/l) Firozepur, Muktsar
Iron (>1.0 mg/l) Bhathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib,
Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Mansa,
Rupnagar, SangrurNitrate (>45 mg/l) Bhathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib,
Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur,
Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mansa,
Moga, Muktsar, Nawan Shaher, Patiala,
Rupnagar, Sangrur
Hence potable drinking water supply becomes a major challenge and matter of
concern in Punjab.
Both GoI and GoP remained sensitive to above issue and accorded highest priorityto drinking water supplies particularly in the rural areas of Punjab through its
flagship NRDWP and PRWSS Projects respectively.
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Paradigm Shift:
GoPs vision and long term strategy aims at covering all the villages of Punjab with
piped water supply called "Medium Term Program". DWSS Punjab in year 2006
with financial assistance from the World Bank, has developed Rural Water Supplyand Sanitation Project (PRWSS), with main objective (i) to cover all Not Covered
(NC) and Partially Covered (PC) villages so as to achieve Fully Covered (FC) status
(ii) ensuring sustainability of water supply schemes, and (iii) initiating measures to
improve sanitation condition of villages.
Prior to PRWSS project water supply systems were being constructed and
operated entirely by DWSS with little or no participation of community (end user)
and designed service level was 40 lpcd, consequently individual water
connections were very less and performance of O&M was poor. However PRWSS
has proved to be a paradigm shift. Active participation Community (end user) has
been ensured right from pre-planning stage to post-implementations stage.
Service level has been raised from 40 lpcd to 70 lpcd. Now, the O&M of water
supply systems are being taken care of by community without financial assistance
from government agencies.
Sustainability:
Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that we need for our
survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural
environment. Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which
humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the
social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations.
Sustainability is important to making sure that we have and will continue to have
the water, materials, and resources to protect human health and our
environment.
According to American Water Works Association (AWWA), Sustainability means
providing adequate and reliable water supply of desired quality now and for
future generations in a manner that integrates economic growth, environmental
protection and social development.
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SUATAINABILTY THROUGH INNOVATION:
While implementing PRWSS Project it has been observed that on transferring
control of O&M of water supply schemes to respective GPWSCs, sustainability of
water supply schemes remained a major challenge for DWSS to address to. It has
been observed in rural water supply systems that due to intermittent water
supply, consumers store more water than actual requirement; whenever water is
again supplied; they tend to discard original stored water and start filling it again.Due to intermittent supply consumers are also left their taps open so that they
could know that when the water supply is resumed. This practice is resulting in
water wastage that needs to be minimized.
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Water Works of Village Majara in sprawling lawn
It has also been noticed that when water supply is started all the consumers start
drawing water simultaneously; resulting in reduction in supply of water and its
pressure in higher and tail-end areas. Hence, complaints of non-availability of
water starts pouring in, consequently many a time consumers are unwilling to pay
(their water charges) in such situations thereby posing a threat to sustainability of
the scheme.
IEC and HRD efforts undertaken to resolve the issue generally bear little success.
Hence an innovative, bold, pro-active and technical initiative was undertaken by
DWSS in collaboration with GPWSC Majara to address this issue.
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Srinivasa Rao Podipireddy, TTL, WB, accompanied by DWSS officers during visit to Village Majara
Er. J S Chahal, Executive Engineer, DWSS motivated the village community,
GPWSC Members and GP Members of Village Majara of district Ludhiana, Punjab
to release water supply connections to consumers through the individual storage
tanks ( 500 Ltrs -1000 Ltrs capacity) fitted with stop valves placed on the roof
tops. When the storage tank of a consumer gets filled, stop-valve automatically
shuts the incoming supply, thereby reducing water wastage through overflow.
The cost of storage tank was borne by the consumers.
Storage Tank placed on Roof Top
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Srinivasa Rao Podipireddy, TTL,WB, DWSS officers and residents inspecting the Village Majra.
This solution resulted in assured water supply to consumers, as he/she is
confident that his/her storage tank is FULL of water, and also resulted in equitable
distribution of water and pressure to all the consumers.
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Results of this solution were found to be amazing as it not only assured water
supply to all consumers but maintained sufficient pressure in the pipeline
network to deliver water even at the roof top of two-storey houses.
Villagers Pointing to Rising
Connecting Pipe to Storage
Tank placed on Roof Top of a
Two-Storey House.
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Srinivasa Rao Podipireddy, TTL,WB, interacting with resident of Village.
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It is pertinent to mention here, success of solution can also be attributed to large
scale mobilization of women folk of the village through sustained IEC/HRD
activities of DWSS.
Women Participation in the meeting
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Women member of GPWSC actively participating in meetings and discussions.
.
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Individual Storage Tanks placed on roof tops is common scene in village Majara.
Thanks to Innovative solution of Issuing water Connections through Individual
Storage Tanks, residents of Village Majara are now getting 24 hour assured
drinking water supply. GPWSC Village Majara not only met all its expenditures
incurred on O&M of Water Supply Scheme but also generated surplus revenue.
GPWSC Village Majara is operating and maintaining the water supply schemesince 2009, successfully and sustainably without any breakdown
Storage Tank placed on Roof Top
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CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED
Through sustained IEC/HRD effort, motivation of DWSS and cooperation of
GPWSC, most of the consumers had readily agreed to install individual storage
tanks fitted with stop-valves. However, there were few left over, who could notafford the cost of individual storage tanks, they were given individual storage
tanks by GPWSC on credit and these consumers have paid back the cost in
installments as little as Rs.100/- deposited with their water charges bill.
Future Vision
After studying the successful, sustainable and trouble free operation in village
Majara, district Ludhiana for many years; Majara model is suggested to adopted
at other villages of the Punjab state.
Contributed by:
Er. J S Chahal
EE, DPMC, Ludhiana.
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