innovative partnership approach to chickpea seed...
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Innovative Partnership Approach to Chickpea seed production and Technology Dissemination: Lessons from
Ethiopia Tesfaye G. (on behalf of TL-project team)
Pan-African Grain Legume and World Cowpea Conference 28 February to 4 March,2016
Livingstone, Zambia
Background
y = 26.28x + 191.7R² = 0.942
y = 0.093x + 0.988R² = 0.954
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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Prod
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Production year
Area Production and productivity of chickpea in Ethiopia, 2005-2014
Production (000t) Area (000ha) Productivity (t/ha)Linear (Production (000t)) Linear (Productivity (t/ha))
Importance of Chickpea:-
Background……
1.Source of human food and animal feed protein (19%), carbohydrates (60%), Minerals (phosphorus, calcium, and iron) (Ibrikci et al., 2003).
2. It returns a significant amount of residue nitrogen to the soil and adds organic matter that improves the fertility of the soil (Pande et al., 2005).
3. Used as rotation crop with several cereals like tef or
wheat
The national chickpea crop improvement program have
undertaken considerable research efforts to since, 1974
Released 24 improved varieties at federal and regional level
Table 1 depicts improved chickpea varieties released in Ethiopia
with their important traits and adaptation niches
Background……..
Name of Varieties
Released by Year of release
Days to maturity
100 seed Weight(g)
Seed rate/ha
Adaptation Productivity in ton/ha Altitude (m)
Rainfall (mm)
Research station
Farmers field
DZ-10-4 D/ Zeit 1974 111-135 10.2 65-75 1800-2300 700-1100 1.6-2.2 1.1-1.4
DZ-10-11 D/ Zeit 1974 106-123 13.0 70-80 1600-2000 700-1100 1.5-2.8 1.1-1.9
Dube D/Zeit 1978 110-115 22.0 80-90 1800-2300 700-1100 1.7-2.8 1.6-1.7
Mariye D/ Zeit 1985 106-120 25.5 120-140 1500-2300 700-1300 1.8-3.0 1.4-2.3
Werku D/ Zeit 1994 100-149 33.0 100-120 1900-2600 700-1200 1.9-4.0 1.9-2.9
Akaki D/Zeit 1995 57-147 21.0 90-120 1800-2600 700-1200 1.8-4.0 1.9-2.6
Arerti D/ Zeit 1999 105-155 25.7 100-115 1800-2600 700-1200 1.6-5.2 1.8-4.7
Shasho D/Zeit 1999 90-155 29.9 100-125 1800-2600 700-1200 1.6-4.6 2.0-4.2
Chefe D/Zeit 1996 93-150 31 110-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.2-4.8 1.8-3.6
Habru D/ Zeit 1996 91-150 34 110-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.4-5.0 2.0-4.0
Ejere D/ Zeit 1997 118-129 32-37 120-140 1800-2600 700-1200 1.5-3.5 1.2-2.8
Teji D/Zeit 1997 122-130 32-37 120-140 1800-2700 700-1200 2.0-3.5 1.6-2.9
Acos Dube D/ Zeit 2001 136 64 140-160 1600-2400 600-1200 1.1-2.4 1.0-1.3
Minjar D/ Zeit 2002 86-143 28 120-140 1800-2600 700-1200 2.2-5.0 2.0-4.0
Natoli D/Zeit 2009 136 29 120-130 1800-2700 700-1200 2.2-2.6 2.0-2.5
Kutaye Sirinka 2005 1.6-2.5
Akuri Sirinka 2011 98 130-150 660-1025 600-1000 2.1-2.6 1.7-2.0
Kasech Sirinka 2011 100 130-150 660-1025 600-1000 2.0-2.5 1.6-2.0
Kobo Sirinka 2012 2.0-2.4 Yelibe Sirinka 2006 77-106 33.1 120-130 660-1025 600-1000 1.8 1.4
Fetenech Sirinka 2005 80-120 75-80 660-1025 600-1000 1.6-2.5 1.4-1.8
Mastewal D/berehan 2005 105-139 100-115 700-1000 600-1000 2.5-3.3 1.5-1.9
Teketay D/Zeit 2013 85-150 120-160 1800-2600 700-1200 2.5-2.8 2.0-2.3
Dalota D/ Zeit 2013 90-145 130-135 1800-2600 700-1200 2.0-2.7 1.6-2.2
The yield advantage of improved varieties is two to three folds more than farmer’s local varieties
Some of these improved varieties were identified to meet local and export market standards
Background……
The national demand for increased food and feed production calls
for quality and sufficient availability of seeds of improved
varieties
Seed is a fundamental yield enhancing input for sustainable
agriculture
It is important vehicles of improved crop technologies linking the
breeders' efforts with the end users (farmers)
Background
There was critical shortage of seed
Cognizant of these facts, development of reliable and sustainable seed multiplication and supply system was found to be critical
Therefore, effort were made to tackle this bottleneck in a pluralistic approach
This presentation provides highlights of the approaches followed to enhance seed multiplication and dissemination of improved technologies
Background……
2. Innovative Approaches
2.1. Integration of actors/ partners
Effective seed system is a cumulative result of biophysical, social,
economic, and institutional integration in a productive approach
Considerable efforts were made to bring about an effective
integration between major actors in the chickpea sub-sector
EIAR took the leading initiative to institutionalize of chickpea
stakeholders platform in the country
Table 2 Certified and quality declared seed (QDS) of chickpea produced with partners in Ethiopia disaggregated by variety and year (MT)
Variety Amount of Certified/QDS (t) Total 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Arerti 500 859 1192 1283 1714 1900 2620 1726 11794 Shasho 88.5 129.6 120.8 186 239.6 217 396.7 54.1 1432.3 Mariye 0.2 0.3 0 3 1.8 1.3 2.9 9.5 Habru 38 69.4 66 111 148.1 194.9 233 208.6 1069 Ejere 1.5 2 2.5 6.2 6.7 9.3 6.4 78.6 113.2 Natoli 1.7 2.3 2.8 4.4 4.2 15.4 Kutaye 1 3.6 5.2 3.8 6.8 1.6 22 Teji 1.5 2 2.5 6.1 4.9 6.8 6.4 30.2 Chefe 0.5 2.5 3 4 5 15 Monino 2.6 3.3 4.5 8.8 65 84.2 Minjar 1.8 4.4 1.7 7.9 Teketay 6.6 6.6 Dalota 8.2 8.2 Akuri 3 3 Mastewal 1.5 1.5 Total 631.2 1065 1387 1608 2126 2347 3290 2159 14612
2.2. Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) Awareness and demand creation on improved technologies is the primary ground for effective dissemination and uptake
Group of farmers evaluate and select varieties of their preference using their own selection criteria
This approach increases the farmers' interest, fastens dissemination and smoothens to take up the varieties
Participatory Variety Selection by farmers
Table 3. Chickpea technology intervention areas with FPVS approach Region Zone District
Oromia
East Shewa zone Gimbichu, Lume, Ejere, Alema Tena, Ada West Shewa zone Ambo, Olonkomi, Ginchi, Dendi, South West Shewa zone Sodo Dachi, Seden Sodo Bale zone Sinanna, Goro, Ginir, Agarfa, Gasera, Adaba West Harraghe zone Mechara, Tulo, Oda Bulto, Habro Arsi zone Huruta, Sire, Arsi Robe
Amhara
North Shewa zone Minjar-Shenkora, Moretna-Jirus, Basona Werena, Debre Birhan, Ensaro, Merhabete, kawat, Tarmaber, Deneba, Ankober, Bereh
West Gojam zone Awubel, Enemay North Gondar zone Dembia, West Belesa, East Belesa, Delgi, Gonder Zuria North Wello zone Dawunt, Weldia, Habru, Guba Lafto South Wello zone Tehuledere, Kalu, Legambo Oromia Special zone Dawa Chefa
SNNPR Wolaita zone Damot Gale, Boloso Sore Gurage/Silte zone Silte, Sodo Gamo Gofa zone Kucha
Tigray Central zone Tahitay Machew, Lailay Machew, North West zone Tahitay koraro
Through the supports of TL-project over 55 districts in 17 zones of the four major chickpea growing regions (Amhara, Oromia, Tigray and SNNP) were addressed since 2007/06.
2.3. Demonstration of newly released chickpea varieties
Demonstration activities was performed by NARs which was coordinated by DZARC
It enhances informal seed exchange among farmers through traditional means
From 2007-2015 NARS conducted 3,211 demonstrations with the support tropical legume projects
2.4. Enhancing the Chickpea Seed System
To bring about impact the development has to be supported by sustainable and efficient seed system
The seed system of legumes in general and chickpea in particular is constrained by involvement of the formal seed system
Emphasis was given to bring community based seed production in to picture by encouraging active farmers to engage in seed production
This resulted in legal establishment of 18 farmers' seed producer associations
This approach is being scaled up to the various chickpea growing areas to make seeds available in the farmers' vicinity
2.5. Capacity building Building the capacity of actors helps in enhancing the seed production and technology dissemination
Training was given on:-
Technology generation and dissemination Field management Post-harvest seed handling Diseases and insect management
Since the inception of TL-project over 13,000 farmers and 2000 development agents were trained
Table 4: Number of farmers and other stakeholders trained on chickpea technologies and seed production since 2006
Type of trainee
Number of trained personnel Total
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Researchers 8 15 12 17 22 27 33 42 45 - 221 Research technicians 22 35 45 55 63 73 45 39 - - 377
Farmers 250 470 603 934 1785 2175 2000 3024 1321 964 13526 Agricultural experts 35 41 33 63 88 83 121 117 38 35 654
Development Agents 120 169 210 336 375 480 354 285 51 100 2480
Farmers. Coop. unions
5 10 15 28 20 13 12 13 - - 116
Community Seed producers
2 6 10 12 13 14 12 - - 69
Others 35 63 79 153 263 200 185 215 3 - 1196 Total 475 805 1003 1596 2628 3064 2764 3747 1458 1099 18639
3. Conclusion
High yielding improved chickpea varieties are promoted to major growing areas
Awareness on the economic and biological importance of the crop created
Yield increment more than two folds
Export of the product increased (63% African market share)
Farmers and seed producers income was increased
4. The way forward (TL-III)
The way forward for sustainable chickpea seed and other technology delivery:-
• Decentralized breeder seed production by NARS • Expansion of pre-basic and basic seed production through NARS
and Seed Producer's Groups • Partnering and linkage with private seed enterprises and farmers
seed producer groups for production of certified and QDS • Creating market linkages both for seed and grain producers
4. The way forward……
• Formation of synergy between all NGOs/projects working on
chickpea technology promotion and multiplication
• Small seed packs approach in disseminating new chickpea
varieties to an unaddressed areas
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