integrated area development - wordpress.com · 06.04.2017 · integrated area development ricardo...

INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT

Ricardo M. Sandalo

Assistant Professor

DCERP, College of Human Ecology

University of the Philippines Los Baños

April 9-10, 2016

CHE Multi Purpose Hall

Short Course on Environmental Planning

DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.

Why Regional Development Planning

• The Philippines has adopted regional planning as a

means to correct or reduce some of the most obvious

disparities in socio-economic development with and

between regions

• and reconcile conflicts among advocates of and

oppositors to greater participation in development and

regional autonomy.

An IAD area – one of the many types of

area that may be encompassed by

regional development planning

A provincial or sub-provincial area, interprovincial areas or

an ecological unit such as an island chosen for the

application of an integrated area development (IAD)

approach.

Just like REGIONAL PLANNING,

the Purposes of IAD Planning

• Preparation and execution of a program for developing a

river basin or an island ecological unit;

• Management of social, economic and physical affairs of an

entire administrative region or a metropolitan area.

• Employed in order to qualify for some form of funding

assistance.

Regional approach to the development has been given

official recognition as an important element in the national

developmental effort. (Philippine context)

Before the 1970s

• The goals, concepts and approaches of regional planning

have not occupied center stage in development planning and

implementation.

• Concept of “region” has not been clearly defined nor

consistently delineated.

• Despite the absence of formal definition of a region in the lack

of emphasis on the spatial dimension of planning, some form

of “regional planning” has been going on as evidence by the

following...

Creation of the

National Planning Commission

• Established in 1950 as the only physical planning agency

of the government.

• Function: preparation of the “general” plans for regional

areas for the purpose of coordinating the various plans of

urban areas within the region.

Proliferation of Multi-purpose Regional

Development Authorities

• Mindanao Development Authority (Prominent among the

authorities)

• Broad planning, initiating and coordination agency.

• Its accomplishments were limited and it has failed to

produce a comprehensive plan for the region.

• Central Luzon – Cagayan Valley Authority (CLCVA)

• Provide electric power and irrigation, promoting

navigation and engaging in flood control.

Creation of a Resource-Based

Authority - the LLDA

• Manage and plan probably the most strategic natural

resource of the country – the Laguna de Bay.

• Its mandate includes the approval of plans in addition to

its authority to reclaim or acquire bodies of land from the

lake in pursuance of its objectives.

Unfortunately…

MDA, LLDA, CLCVA did not receive sufficient financial and

political support and its accomplishments fall way short of

its mandate.

The Integrated Reorganization Plan

(PD No. 1, signed in 1972), delineated the

regions of the country

• Regionalization in the country has moved in two directions:

• (A) Regionalization of the administration of national sectoral

services to bring the government closer to the people

(regional offices of national agencies)

• (B) Regionalization of the planning process (by RDCs) to

provide a more rational framework for regional planning

(complemented by the IAD/IRD projects)

• Projects (foreign assisted) were to be the major

instruments to trigger the growth especially of lagging

regions in the country.

• Boundaries were drawn to effectively link rural production

areas with market towns and urban centers thereby

enhancing access to product and factor markets.

Integrated Area Development in the

Philippines (1970s until 1986)

DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. 12

A major objective was to revitalize socio-economically

depressed provinces and areas through an integrated

approach in the provision of infra support facilities and

services such as roads, irrigation, domestic water supply,

health and nutrition facilities

• Later included provinces and areas which are

considered as critical environmental and ecological

areas, i.e. Palawan and Aurora

• Also, included livelihood and enterprise project which

relate directly to infrastructure development

• Initially, under the auspices of the Cabinet Coordinating

Committee on Integrated Rural Development Projects

(CCC-IRDP), chaired by DA Secretary Arturo Tanco

• Later, the National Council on Integrated Area

Development (NACIAD) was created (PD 1378),

attached to the Office of the Prime Minister (Cesar E.A.

Virata)

• Bicol River Basin Development Programme (BRBDP)

in1975 – the first IRD/IAD project, funded by USAID

• Mindoro Integrated Rural Development Project, in 1975

• Cagayan IAD Project, in 1977

• Samar IRDP, in 1979

• Palawan IAD Project, 1982

• Bohol IAD Project, 1983

• Implemented with a defined geographic unit, within a sub-

regional framework, i.e. ecological units aside from political

boundaries

• Multi-sectoral in operation. Systems approach in response to

problems of rural poverty which is complex and multi-

dimensional. Synergy.

• Spatial integration. Linking rural production areas with market

towns and urban centers

The IAD of NACIAD, as distinguished from

past rural development programs

The IAD of NACIAD, as distinguished from

past rural development programs

• Designed to generate active and meaningful participation at

the grassroots

• Commitment at the highest political level

• Organizational integration with a defined coordination

authority

Major problems encountered by NACIAD in

implementing its IAD strategy (in a paper in 1988)

• Difficulty in adopting the comprehensive approach due to

heavy sectoral orientation of the implementing agencies

• Difficulty of vertical and horizontal integration due to diverse

planning approaches and sectoral orientation of programs

and projects pursued by executing agencies

• Minimal, or lack of, grassroots participation in the areas of

policy formulation, planning, implementation and evaluation of

rural development programs 19

• Funding agencies: WB-IBRD, JICA, IFAD, USAID,

EEC/EU, ADB

• Palawan Integrated Area Development Project

• $47 M loan from ADB, 7 ECU grant from EEC, and $7 M

counterpart from GOP, for 7 years (1981-1987)

• 1st phase – from Roxas going down south in Bataraza

• Agricultural Intensification and Diversification (AID) and

Livestock Development (LD) by DA

• Agricultural Credit by Central Bank

• Irrigation Development by NIA

• Ports, Roads, and Rural Drinking Water Supply by DPWH

• Land Classification (LC), Land Survey and Titling (LST), and

Upland Stabilization Program (USP) by DENR

• Malaria Control Program by DOH

• Integrated Environmental Program (IEP) and Project

Benefit Monitoring and Evaluation (PBME) by PIADPO

of NACIAD

• Institutional Arrangements: Regional Coordinating

Committee (RCC) and Project Executive Committee

(PEC); multi-agency implementation, disbursement by

agency, reimbursed by ADB as endorsed by PIADPO

• NACIAD was abolished and the overall direction,

coordination and supervision of IAD and similar projects

were assumed by NEDA and the RDCs where the

projects were located (EO 230)

• PIADPO was attached to the Office of the Governor of

Palawan (PIADP was only in one province)

Philippines after EDSA Revolution

• The reorganization led to the loss of some momentum in

the gains already had in the IAD approach

• The RDCs were into strategic policy-making rather than

on organizing and synchronizing resources for project

implementation

• The IAD seemed to have lost a lot of its appeal to the

donor or external assisting agencies on which its

initial successes mostly depended

• Most provinces lack the complement of technical

expertise or experience in undertaking an integrated

socio-economic development

• The Second PIADP (SPIADP) was implemented from

1988-1992, funded by ADB

• Through the IEP (funded by EEC), the Strategic

Environmental Plan for Palawan towards Sustainable

Development was formulated (1987) and adopted into

law (RA 7611) in 1992

• RA 7611 created the Palawan Council for Sustainable

Development (PCSD), under the Office of the Phil

President and converted PIADPO as the PCSD Staff

• From 1995-2002, the Palawan Tropical Forestry Protection

Programme (PTFPP) was implemented by PCSDS,

funded (grant) by the European Union (7 M euro)

The problems that the IAD approach intended to

respond to when it was applied are still with us today: rural

poverty, growth disparity within and between regions, lack of

inter-sectoral integration, etc.

Still relevant today?

As an approach, it is still logical and appropriate, in fact,

today the need to adopt integrated (horizontal, i.e. area-

specific) implementation in the provision of infra support

facilities and services such as roads, irrigation, domestic

water supply, health and nutrition facilities, are reflected in

the Local Government Code of 1991, and in other

development planning frameworks (TIEZA, NIPAS, EbM)

REFERENCES

• Gerardo Calabia, “Regional Planning: Issues and Problems of Managing Socio-Economic and Physical Affairs”, Philippine Planning Journal Vol XXI No. 2; Vol XXII No. 1, April-October 1990

• Carmelita Rosario Eva U. Liwag, “Rural Development Planning

and Administration: The Role of NACIAD as a Development

Agency”, Philippine Planning Journal, Vol XIX Nos 1&2 October

1987-April 1988

• Personal notes of Ricardo M. Sandalo

THANK YOU!

integrated area development - wordpress.com · 06.04.2017 · integrated area development ricardo...

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