integrated water resources management in malaysia

Dec 2004

Datuk Ir. Keizrul bin AbdullahChair

GWP South East Asia Steering CommitteeGWP-SEA SC

7 December 2004

Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia

Dec 2004

MALAYSIA

Dec 2004

MALAYSIA

Equator

Located in Humid Tropics Developing country - GDP US$ 3,800

(1/10th Japan)

Dec 2004

CloudClimate - Tropical weather all year round

Temperature 21°C to 32°C

CLIMATECLIMATE

Humidity Ave. 80%

Rainfall 3,000 mm

Distinct dry and rainy seasons

Dec 2004 Water Resources availability

Dec 2004

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

Europe 3,210

Asia 14,410

Africa 4,570

North America 8,200

South America 11,760

Oceania 2,388

World 44,540

Malaysia 990

Runoff (cu. Km per year)

Europe 18

Asia 13

Africa 19

North America 53

South America 108

Oceania 252

World 24

Malaysia 47

Availability (cu. M per person per day)

Dec 2004

PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES

Dec 2004

1) Water Shortages

Dec 2004

Projected Annual Water Use in Malaysia

7.4 9.0 10.4 10.4 10.4

1.52.9

9.68.9

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Domestic & Industry

Irrigation

Projected Annual Water Use in Malaysia

7.4 9.0 10.4 10.4 10.4

1.52.9

9.68.9

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Domestic & Industry

Irrigation 4 %

Water Use

Dec 2004

Water Crisis

Dec 2004

Seasonal Variation in Annual RainfallSeasonal Variation in Annual Rainfall

Dec 2004

1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

Dec 2004

Flood victims being evacuated

Dec 2004

• Flooded area - 29,720 km²

• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia

Flood ImpactsFlood Impacts

Dec 2004

LumpurKuala

S.Linggi

KELANTAN

Shah Alam

S.Perak

S.Bernam

Seremban

S.Klang

SELANGOR

Kangar

Alor Setar

George Town

PINANGPULAU

LANGKAWIPULAU

S.Muda

PERLIS

THAILAND

S.Rompin

SINGAPORE

Kuantan

S.Pahang

S.Cukai

S.Muar

S.Batu Pahat

S.Benut

PAHANG

SEMBILANNEGERI

MELAKA

MelakaS.Melaka

S.Kuantan

S.Johor

BahruJohor

S.Endau

S.Dungun

Kuala Terengganu

Kota Bharu

TERENGGANU

S.Kelantan

S.Terengganu

Flood Prone Areas in Peninsular Malaysia

Dec 2004

S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.Rejang

S.Sadong

S.SarawakS.SarawakKucingKucing

SARAWAK

S.BaramS.Baram

LAB UAN

Kota KinabaluKota Kinabalu

S.KinabatanganS.Kinabatangan

FLOOD PRONE AREA (EAST MALAYSIA)

Flood Prone Areas in Sabah & Sarawak

Dec 2004

• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²

• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected

Dec 2004

• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²

• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected

• Average annual flood damage for country is estimated at RM 1 billion (US$ 263 million)

Dec 2004

1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water

Dec 2004

Ref: Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2002

Dec 2004

RIVERS PROVIDE 97 %

OF ALL THE WATER USED IN MALAYSIA

RIVERS PROVIDE 97 %

OF ALL THE WATER USED IN MALAYSIA

Dec 2004

1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water

4) River Sedimentation

Dec 2004 Hills cleared for Agriculture

Dec 2004 Uncontrolled Land Clearing

Dec 2004

Erosion

Dec 2004

Siltation in rivers

Dec 2004

1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water

5) Policy Issues

Dec 2004

• Perceived abundance of water lower priority on national agenda

• Federal, State, Local governments involved in various aspects of water

• No national policy on water

• Inadequate financial allocation

• Poor understanding of economic tools and instruments; privatisation

• Emphasis on resource utilization rather than resource conservation (supply enhancement cf demand management)

Policy Issues

Dec 2004

Production capacity and water demand (mld) (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor)

600019

Water demand Production capacity

Dec 2004

1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water

5) Policy Issues

6) Legal Issues

Dec 2004

• Over-abundance of sectoral-based water laws

• Laws govern use rather than protection of resources

• Many laws outdated, redundant or ambiguous; conflicts / overlaps common

• Lack of comprehensive water law

• Inadequate penalities

• Malaysian Constitution

• Land and water state matters

• Rivers within jurisdiction of State

Legal Issues

Dec 2004

1) Water Shortages

2) Flooding

3) Polluted Water

5) Policy Issues

6) Legal Issues

7) Institutional Issues

Dec 2004

• Little or no formal mechanism to integrate and co-ordinate activities on water

• Numerous Ministries and Departments

• regulate & manage various water sectors

• duplication of efforts; gaps

• competition and conflict

• No Apex organisations

• Little or no public participation

• Growing recognition on need for proper management and coordinated efforts to integrate various disciplines throughout whole development cycle

Institutional Issues

Dec 2004

Growing recognition that IWRM

(Integrated Water Resources

Management) is crucial

Dec 2004

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT

Dec 2004

Integrated Water Resources Management

Defined as :“co-ordinated management of resources in

natural environment (water, land, flora, fauna)based on river basin as a geographical unit,

with objective of balancing man’s needswith necessity of conserving resources

to ensure their sustainability”

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Dec 2004

• Geared towards integrating and coordinating policies, programs and practices

• Addresses water related issues• Requires improved professional

capability• Increased financial, legislative,

managerial and political capacity

IWRMIWRM

Dec 2004

IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure

EconomicEfficiency Equity

EnvironmentalSustainability

Management Instruments

EnablingEnvironment

InstitutionalFrameworks

Managing Water for Sustainablity

Principles

Ref: GWP

Dec 2004

MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCE IN

Dec 2004

IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure

EnablingEnvironment

Principles

Ref: GWP

Dec 2004

IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure

EnablingEnvironment

Principles

Ref: GWP

Dec 2004

Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment

1) Water Vision

“In support of Vision 2020 (towards achieving developed nation status)

Malaysia will conserve and manage its water resources to ensure adequate and safe water for all (including the

environment)”

Dec 2004

1) Water Vision

2) National Water Resources Council formed in 1998

• Chaired by Prime Minister

• Federal and State represented

• Policy making body

Dec 2004

1) Water Vision

3) National Water Policy being formulated

Dec 2004

1) Water Vision

3) National Water Policy being formulated

4) 2 - prong approach to water resources

• Water as a resource planning, integrated and holistic approach

• Water as a service efficiency, improving service delivery

Dec 2004

IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure

EnablingEnvironment

Principles

Ref: GWP

Dec 2004

Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework

1) Re-engineering of Ministries

• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment water as a resource

• Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications water as a utility

• Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries water for food

Dec 2004

2) Apex organization formed Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA)

Dec 2004

- main focus area for LUAS - next focus area for LUAS - service providers and private sectors

SWMAResearch

CorporateServices Regulatory

RegionalOffices

Development&

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SWMA

Planning

Monitoring

Dec 2004

FUNCTIONS OF SWMAFUNCTIONS OF SWMA

“To carry out planning and research for the development, allocations and

utilisation of water resources, protection and conservation of

aquatic eco-system including flood and droughts impact mitigation”

1. PLANNING AND RESEARCH

Dec 2004

2. DEVELOPMENT AND O & M

“To regulate/ manage the development and O & M of water

resources related infrastructures”

Dec 2004

3. REGULATORY AND ENFORCEMENT

“To establish and implement regulations and carry out monitoring and enforcement on allocations and

utilisation of water resources, protection and conservation of

aquatic eco-system including flood and drought impact mitigation”

Dec 2004

3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)

• Network of organisations/institutions committed to the Dublin principles

• 67 institutional members from Government departments, Private companies, Associations, NGOs

Dec 2004

4) MyCapNet capacity building network

• MSc course on IWRM approved

• Working on module for public sector

Dec 2004

4) MyCapNet capacity building network

5) Water Services Reform

Dec 2004

• To develop a sustainable water services industry

• Formation of a central regulatory body National Water Services Commission

• To regulate for long term benefit of consumer

• To enhance economic and technical efficiency in supply and delivery of water and sewerage services

• To ensure affordable services

• To establish transparent and effective system of governance

Water Services Reform

Dec 2004

IWRM PERSPECTIVE

Structure

EnablingEnvironment

Principles

Ref: GWP

Dec 2004

Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments

1) Legal instruments

• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)

Dec 2004

• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)

• Zoning/protecting catchment areas

Dec 2004

1) Legal instruments• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)

• Zoning/protecting catchment areas

• Better enforcement

Dec 2004

2) Financial instruments

• Huge investments needed to improve water sector

Dec 2004

• Privatisation Pricing issues - cost recovery to be tied to level of service

Dec 2004

• Privatisation Pricing issues - cost recovery to be tied to level of service

• Water tariffs conservation, affordability

Dec 2004

3) Planning instruments

Dec 2004

World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) J’burg 2002

WSSD Plan of Action

• “To develop integrated water resource management and water efficiency plans by 2005”

Dec 2004

• IWRM plans

Dec 2004

• IWRM plans IRBM plans

Dec 2004

All aspect of development has impact on the river

Dec 2004

DAM(JPS)DAM(JPS)

IRRIGATION (JPS)

FLOOD MITIGATION

DRAINAGE

RECREATIONRECREATION

RIVER CONSERVATION & REHABILITATIONS

WATER QUALITY WATER QUALITY

RIVER CORRIDOR

DEVELOPMENT

RIVER CORRIDOR

DEVELOPMENT NAVIGATIONNAVIGATION

Dec 2004

River Basin Master Plan

Dec 2004

NWRC (29th July 2003) River Basin Master Plans to be the Basis for

Development within a River Basin

Dec 2004

4) Supply enhancement Demand management

Dec 2004

5) Education and Public Awareness

• Public campaigns

Dec 2004 Working with Mass Media

Dec 2004

Love Our Rivers Campaign

Dec 2004 Campaign Materials

Dec 2004

Public participation

Dec 2004

5) Education and Public Awareness

• Public campaigns

• Targeting the young

Dec 2004

Dec 2004 Water Box

Dec 2004

School children participating in River Watch Program

Dec 2004

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Dec 2004

• As Malaysia develops, problems relating to water and environment is expected to intensify

• To ensure sustainable development, water resources need to be managed in an integrated and holistic manner

• Political and administrative framework and commitment vital to ensure success

• Management instruments are necessary

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Dec 2004

Thank You

Domo Arigato

integrated water resources management in malaysia

malaysiadec2004 hills

malaysiadec2004 siltation

water state matters

total land area of malaysia

water demandmld kuala

malaysiadec2004flood

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malaysiadec2004policy

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