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INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT:THE PANAMA CANAL EXPERIENCE
April 8th, 2019
Carlos A. VargasVice President
Water and Environment
Panama Canal:Introduction
Panama: Logistics and Transportation Hub of the AmericasReaching the Maximum Potential from our Geographic Location
144 commercial routes1,700 ports160 countries
Panama’s Maritime Hub
Panama Air Hub85 direct destinations in America and Europe35 countries
Connectivity7 submarine fiber optic cables
Asia – US East Coast 78.4M
Central America West Coast – US East Coast 17.0M
Total: 255.0 M (long tons)
Asia – East Coast Central America 8.1M
South America West Coast – US East Coast 37.2M
South America West Coast - Europe 16.9M
Transits and PC/UMS Tons
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
1914 1922 1930 1938 1946 1954 1962 1970 1978 1986 1994 2002 2010 2018
PC
/UM
S TO
NS
百万
TRA
NSI
TS
Transits PC/UMS Tons
442.1 M of PC/UMS Tons4,832 9,931 18,940
28,204
AF 1955 AF 1975 AF 2016AF 1995
13,795 transits
36,192
AF 2018
Updated as of: 30-Sep-2018
∆ = 247+1.8%
∆ = 38.3 M+9.5%
159
130
74
50
11
792
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mill
ion
of
PC
UM
S To
ns
Fiscal Year
PCUMS Tonnage by Market Segment
Container
Dry Bulk
*Tankers
Vehicle Carriers
Refrigerated
General Cargo
Passengers
Others
*Tankers include LNG & LPG
∆ = 16+12%
∆ = 25+24%
∆ = -5-6%
∆ = 714%
0
250,000
500,000
750,000
1,000,000
1,250,000
1,500,000
1,750,000
2,000,000
2,250,000
2,500,000
2,750,000
Sep
-15
Oct
-15
No
v-1
5
De
c-1
5
Jan
-16
Feb
-16
Mar
-16
Ap
r-1
6
May
-16
Jun
-16
Jul-
16
Au
g-1
6
Sep
-16
Oct
-16
No
v-1
6
De
c-1
6
Jan
-17
Feb
-17
Mar
-17
Ap
r-1
7
May
-17
Jun
-17
Jul-
17
Au
g-1
7
Sep
-17
Oct
-17
No
v-1
7
De
c-1
7
Jan
-18
Feb
-18
Mar
-18
Ap
r-1
8
May
-18
Chemicals
Ammonium
LPG
LNG
Car
go L
on
g To
n
LNG
LPG
LN
Beginning of
operations
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
LPG-Panamax VLGC
Average load: 25,000
metric tons
Average load: 43,000
metric tons
Average load: 70,000 metric tons
LNG – New market segment
Pre-expansion0,5 M long ton/month (avg)
Post-expansion1,9 M long ton/month (avg)
New Markets Are Opening As Well
Largest Containership
Panama Canal: Water Resources Management
Water Monitoring
60 stations
Quantity
Quality
Technology
Telemetry System and Master Stations
Hydrometeorological Database
Satellite Weather Data Receiving Station
NOAA Port
Radiosonde
Hydrologic Forecast Model of Rivers and Lakes
(PANFCST)
(NWSRFS/CHIPS)
Water Use
Navigation and Lockage
Municipal and Industrial Consumption
Water Use: Hydroelectric Generation
GATUN
MADDEN
Flood Control
Gatun
Madden
Purisima7th – 9th December 2010
El Niño2016
Panama Canal:Watershed Management
Panama Canal Watershed
LegendLegend
International borders
Panamá Canal Watershed
The Panama Canal Authority, in
accordance with state organisms
determined by law, is responsible for the
administration, maintenance, use and
conservation of the Panama Canal
watershed hydrological resources, which
include the water in lakes and their
tributary streams.
Law 19
June 11th, 1997
Regulations
June 17th, 1999
Regulations and
agreements
ACP: 1999 - 2006
Law 20
June 21th 2006
Constitutional
Title
November 25th,
1994
Political ConstitutionTITLE XIV
Article 316
• Encourages mechanisms of coordination
• Establishes resource management and a funding system
• Monitors programs, projects and policies for watershed management
• Evaluates programs, projects and policies to avoid double work
• Administrates an environmental information center
Panama Canal Watershed Interinstitutional Commission(CICH)
Alto Chagres y Lago Alhajuela
Cirí, Trinidad y Ciricito
Baila Mono, Rio Paja,Cañita y Pescado
Corredor Transístmico
Colón
Corredor Transístmico
Panamá
Hules Tinajones y Caño Quebrado
29 Local commitees
6 Consultive boards
Panama Canal Watershed Participants Scheme
EnvironmentalEquilibrium
Social and cultural
Economic
Sustainable Development and Watershed Management
29
Environmental Education and Community Program
• Watershed guardians
• Our canal and its basin
• The 3R's Campaign
Use of native species in land reforestation within the
Panam Canal watershed (page 228-233). 2011.
http://www.cich.org/publicaciones/Memoria-HELP-2011.pdf
Environmental recovery of disturbed areas in protected land
Reforestation – conservation: Native species reforestation
Historical background of the origin and purpose of
white straw bush (Saccharum spontaneum L.)
insertion in a Panamá. 2010.
http://www.cich.org/documentos/paja-blanca.pdf
Camino de Cruces 2015Camino de Cruces 2010
• Seeks to reduce the slash and burn - traditional method,
by integrating communities as fundamental elements.
• Farm planning, sustainability, natural resources protection
and farmers/technician training.
• Use of perennial species (timber types, coffee, fruit tres)
combined with crop.
La Bonga, Nov 2010
La Bonga, March 2014
La Bonga, Nov 2014
Agroforestry System
Coffee training workshop (CATIE) Field Evaluation
Training and Follow Up
Field evaluationMonitoring evaluation Plantation monitoring
Visits
Coffee Production and Marketing
Carbon Credits
Panama Canal:The Green Route
http://iahrworldcongress.org
HOTEL RIU PLAZA
Thanks
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