integrated weed management in grapes · integrated weed management in grapes sun-maid winter ce...

Integrated Weed

Management in Grapes

Sun-Maid Winter CE Meeting

Dec 6, 2017

Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017

Kurt Hembree

UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno County

cefresno.ucanr.edu

ucanr.edu/sites/weed_management - Weed/herbicide charts, weed topics, research, etc.

ipm.ucanr.edu - IPM, weed ID, herbicide recommendations, etc.

www.weedscience.com - Weed resistance, herbicide MOA

www.agrian.com - Pesticide labels, recs

On-line resources

Other helpful resources

► take advantage of winter rains to activate preemergent materials

► better crop safety to herbicides when vines are asleep

► best time to eliminate key weeds before they become summer

problems, which are usually much tougher to deal with

► eliminate potential reservoirs for rodents and insects

Why winter weed control is needed

• Vine age - herbicide and mechanical options

• Weed stage - postemergent effectiveness

• Soil trash - preemergent effectiveness

• Soil and irrigation - preemergent rate and longevity

• Herbicide MOA - weed spectrum, resistance, cost

• Sprayer - performance and uniformity in delivery

• Applicator - skill and awareness

• Equipment and labor - availability vs. acreage

• Cost

Factors influencing weed control

with herbicides

Glyphosate-resistant weeds in CA

Horseweed

Junglerice Hairy fleabane

Palmer amaranth

Annual sowthistle Panicle willowherb

Prickly lettuce Swinecress

Burning nettle Hare barley

Johnsongrass Malva

Active ingredient Product example (vine age) MOA group

Preemergent

flazasulfuron, rimsulfuron Mission (36 mo), Matrix (12 mo) 2

oryzalin, pendimethalin, trifluralin Prowl H2O (any), Surflan (post-plant), Treflan (any) 3

simazine Princep (12 mo) 5

diuron Direx (12 mo) 7

norflurazon Solicam (24 mo) 12

flumioxazin, oxyfluorfen, sulfentrazone Chateau (12 mo), Goal (post-plant), Zeus (12 mo) 14

napropamide Devrinol 2-XT (post-plant) 15

isoxaben Trellis SC (post-plant) 21

indaziflam Alion (36 mo) 29

Postemergent

clethodim, fluazifop, sethoxydim Fusilade (non-bearing), Poas (post-plant)t,

Select (non-bearing)

2,4-D amine Dri-Clean (36 mo) 4

glyphosate Roundup Powermax (anytime) 9

glufosinate Rely 280 (post-plant), Lifeline (post-plant) 10

carfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, pyraflufen Shark (post-plant), Goal (post-plant),

Venue (post-plant)

paraquat Gramoxone SL (post-plant) 22

Registered grape herbicides in CA

*Look for MOA group number and/or info on the container and/or the label.

Herbicide use in grapes in CA in 2015

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

14 9 10 3 22 2 29 5 4 1 21 7 12

Herbicide MOA group

Control measure Potential impact

Herbicide – rotation (MOA) Excellent

Herbicide – mixtures (MOA) Excellent

Herbicide – timing Excellent

Herbicide – application Excellent

Herbicide – rate Poor to Fair

Mechanical – primary tillage Good to Excellent

Mechanical – general tillage/mowing Fair to Good

Cultural – irrigation type Fair to Good

Cultural – cover crops, mulching Poor to Fair

Control measures and impact on

weed susceptibility over time

Annual sowthistle

Prickly lettuce

Horseweed

Henbit

Chickweed

Burning nettle

Willowherb

Prowl H2O

Chateau

Trellis

Matrix

Mission

Zeus XC

Filaree

Hairy fleabane

Horseweed

Knotweed ?

Nettle

Prickly lettuce

Puncturevine ?

Purslane

Sowthistle

Ryegrass ?

Junglerice

Y. Nutsedge

Preemergent control of some winter and summer weeds

Preemergents need good soil contact

Soil debris and preemergents

Product Affected by debris

Direx No

Matrix No

Princep No

Trellis No

Alion No

Chateau Yes

Goal Yes

Prowl H2O Yes

Surflan Yes

Mission ?

Zeus ?

1-10 1-10 1-10

2/29/2008 3/21/2008 5/5/2008 6/12/2008

% Leaf Cover

%Fillaree Cover Overall

Ratings Ratings Willowherb

Raked Not Raked Not Raked Not Raked Not

60 5 50 9 4 9 5 10 7

50 7 30 8 5 8.5 5 10 5

50 15 40 7 4 8 6.5 9 4

40 3 20 8 5 9 6 9 5

40 5 10 7 6 9.5 7 10 7

33 1 15 9 5 9.5 6 9 7

25 5 20 9 4 9 6 10 7

Ave 8.30% 28% 8.1 4.6 8.7 5.8 9.6 6.0

Napa Valley raking study in 2008

Soil texture and irrigation can affect herbicide rate and performance, as well as weed type,

emergence, and growth.

Treatment

Tumble

pigweed

Sowthistle

fleabane

Lambsquarters

1. Rely 280 + RU 8.0 b 9.0 c 3.5 e 4.3 b

2. Alion 1 + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 9.9 a 10.0 a

3. Alion 2 + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 a 9.9 a

4. Chateau + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU 9.8 a 9.6 b 9.0 c 9.8 a

5. Trellis + Surflan + Rely 280 + RU 9.8 a 9.9 a 9.6 ab 9.7 a

6. GoalTender + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 7.3 d 9.9 a

7. Alion + Chateau 1 + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.7 b 9.8 a 9.9 a

8. Alion + Chateau 2 + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.7 b 9.8 a 9.8 a

9. Alion + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 a 10.0 a

10. Chateau + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU

then Alion + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU

10.0 a 9.9 a 9.8 a 10.0 a

11. Trellis + Surflan + + Rely 280 + RU

then Alion + GoalTender + Rely 280 + RU

10.0 a 9.9 a 10.0 a 10.0 a

12. GoalTender + Prowl H2O + Rely 280 + RU

then Alion + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU

10.0 a 9.9 a 9.5 ab 9.9 a

13. Alion 1 + Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 8.9 c 9.8 a

14. Alion 2+ Matrix + Rely 280 + RU 10.0 a 9.9 a 9.2 bc 9.8 a

Statistical notation: CV (%)

(p=0.05) LSD

Grapes in Fresno County (115 DAT)

Treatment Burning nettle P. willowherb Lambsquarters

1. Untreated 0.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 d

2. RU 48 fl oz + AMS 3.0 b 3.0 c 9.6 c

3. RU 24 fl oz + AMADS 2% v/v 3.0 b 3.0 c 9.6 c

4. RU 48 fl oz + AMADS 2% v/v 3.0 b 3.0 c 9.8 b

5. Mission 2.14 oz + RU 48 fl oz + AMS 10.0 a 9.9 b 9.9 ab

6. Mission 2.14 oz + RU 48 fl oz + AMS + MSO 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 ab

7. Mission 2.14 oz + Chateau 8 oz +

RU 48 fl oz + AMS + MSO

10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a

8. Mission 2.14 oz + Chateau 12 oz +

10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a

9. Mission 2.14 oz + Trellis 1 lb +

10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a

10. Mission 2.14 oz + Alion 5 fl oz +

10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a

CV (%)

LSD (p=0.05)

Mission (2) + Chateau (14) + RU (9) + AMS + MSO

Mission (2) + Alion (29) + RU (9) + AMS + MSO

Mission (2) + RU (9) + AMS + MSO Untreated

Alion (29) Matrix (2)

Roundup (9) Rely 280 (10)

Chateau (14) Prowl H2O (3) Roundup (9)

Roundup (9)

lambsquarter, horseweed, pigweed, malva

nettle, cupgrass, horseweed, henbit, malva, lambsquarters

Chateau (14) Matrix (2)

Roundup (9) Rely 280 (10)

pigweed, cupgrass, junglerice, horseweed, lambsquarters, hairy fleabane, willowherb, nettle

Alion + Matrix

1 year later

Goal + Surflan

Active ingredient Product example (vine age) MOA group

Preemergent

flazasulfuron, rimsulfuron Mission (36 mo), Matrix (12 mo) 2

oryzalin, pendimethalin, trifluralin Prowl H2O (any), Surflan (post-plant), Treflan (any) 3

simazine Princep (12 mo) 5

diuron Direx (12 mo) 7

norflurazon Solicam (24 mo) 12

flumioxazin, oxyfluorfen, sulfentrazone Chateau (12 mo), Goal (post-plant), Zeus (12 mo) 14

napropamide Devrinol 2-XT (post-plant) 15

isoxaben Trellis SC (post-plant) 21

indaziflam Alion (36 mo) 29

Postemergent

clethodim, fluazifop, sethoxydim Fusilade (non-bearing), Poas (post-plant)t,

Select (non-bearing)

2,4-D amine Dri-Clean (36 mo) 4

glyphosate Roundup Powermax (anytime) 9

glufosinate Rely 280 (post-plant), Lifeline (post-plant) 10

carfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, pyraflufen Shark (post-plant), Goal (post-plant),

Venue (post-plant)

paraquat Gramoxone SL (post-plant) 22

Registered grape herbicides in CA

US EPA memorandum on paraquat (to be fully implemented by March 2019)

1. Label changes emphasizing paraquat toxicity

and supplemental warning materials;

2. Targeted training materials for paraquat users;

3. Closed-system packaging for all non-bulk

(<120 gal) end use product containers;

4. Restricting use of all paraquat products to

certified applicators only (prohibits uncertified

workers even under the supervision of a

certified applicator).

Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Fresno County Nov 14, 2017

Lifeline

Mission

Roundup

Filaree

Hairy fleabane Resistant

Horseweed Resistant

Knotweed ?

Nettle

Prickly lettuce

Puncturevine

Purslane

Sowthistle

Ryegrass

Junglerice Resistant

Y. Nutsedge

Postemergent control of some winter and summer weeds

Postemergent herbicide timing

Horseweed control across postemergence herbicides tested

Parlier 2006

2-14 leaf Rosette 6-12" bolted

Horseweed growth stage

5/20/05 (7 DAT)

5/25/05 (14 DAT)

7/7/05 (56 DAT)

Herbicide Treatment

Rate/ Acre

Foliage only

Stem only

Overall plant

1. Untreated --- 0.0 c 0.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 c

2. Roundup WeatherMax 3.3 qt 6.8 b 8.7 b 4.5 c 7.4 b

3. Rely 6.0 qt 8.3 a 9.9 a 9.2 a 9.7 a

4. Roundup WeatherMax Rely

2.0 qt 2.0 qt

7.8 a 9.7 a 7.6 b 8.5 ab

2.0 qt 3.0 qt

8.0 a 9.8 a 8.9 a 7.9 ab

2.0 qt 4.0 qt

8.1 a 9.9 a 9.2 a 9.5 a

1.0 % v/v 2.0% v/v

8.1 a 9.9 a 9.0 a 9.6 a

Statistical notation (p=0.05)

CV (%) LSD

7.10% 0.51

2.55% 0.25

10.61% 0.37

6.45% 0.56

5/20/05 (7 DAT)

5/25/05 (14 DAT)

7/7/05 (56 DAT)

Weed density at time of treatment

Foliage only

Stem only

Overall plant

1. Heavy 6.7 8.2 6.5 b 8.4 b

2. Sparse 6.7 8.3 7.3 a 9.1 a

Statistical notation CV (%) (p=0.05) LSD

7.10% n.s.

2.55% n.s.

1.14% 0.4

1.76% 0.67

Control of mature hairy fleabane plants

under heavy and sparse densities

Untreated Roundup (9) – 30 DAT

Roundup (9) + Chateau (14) – 30 DAT Rely 290 (10) + Chateau (14) – 30 DAT

Glufosinate comparison trial

Trt Treatment Rate/acre HOR FIL CHI HEN PAN SOW LAM

1. Roundup Powermax 24.0 fl oz 7.2 b 6.3 a 10.0 9.8 c 7.0 b 8.0 c 9.9

2. Lifeline 48.0 fl oz 9.5 a 10.0 a 10.0 9.9 b 10.0 a 9.7 b 9.9

3. Lifeline 56.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 9.9 b 10.0 a 9.8 ab 10.0

4. Lifeline 64.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 ab 9.9

5. Rely 280 48 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0

6. Rely 280 56.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 ab 10.0

7. Rely 280 64.0 fl oz 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0 a 10.0

8. Lifeline +

Roundup PowerMax

56.0 fl oz +

24.0 fl oz

10.0 a 9.9 a 10.0 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.8 b 10.0

9. Rely 280 +

Roundup PowerMax

56.0 fl oz +

24.0 fl oz

10.0 a 10.0 a 9.9 10.0 a 10.0 a 9.8 b 10.0

Statistical notation

(p=0.05)

CV (%)

Treat Johnsongrass 8-12″ tall

and bermudagrass when its

8-12″ across. When treating

tall grasses with Roundup,

there’s no need to spray the

entire plant, so aim at the base of the plant.

3% v/v on annual weeds

6% v/v on mix of annual and young perennial weeds

9% v/v on perennials like bindweed, Johnsongrass, and nutsedge

60 gpa ride

Ph of water in tank at 6.0

2,4-D glyphosate

Glyphosate + 2,4-D

glufosinate

glyphosate

flumioxazin

A good spray job will help your herbicides perform to their full potential!

• Sprayer operation

• Application rate actually delivered

• Environmental conditions

• Spray nozzles, volume, coverage

• Spray additives

• Labor and equipment vs. acres

• Applicator skill and attitude

Consider the coverage needed

XR11004 TTJ60-11004

Grape spray nozzle trial (15 DAT)

Do you carry these on your spray rig?

Mechanical considerations::

Lots of equipment to choose from

Usually >90% control if weeds are small

Mechanical blight

Generally high outlay costs

Usually a fairly slow travel speed

Irrigation tubing placement

Promotes grassy species

French Plow Bezzerides

Steam Greenmatch

30 DAT

Dr. Anil Shrestha, Fresno State Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Dec 6, 2017

Take-Home Points: ► Be proactive when it comes to dealing with weeds in vines.

► Diversify herbicide choice, by mixing and rotating materials with different

MOAs. – this keeps weeds susceptible and herbicides viable.

► Treat when weeds are the most vulnerable (do you have the time,

equipment, and labor readily available?).

► Make sure the spray operation is up to par.

► Consider cleaning off berms to ensure better herbicide-soil contact.

► Numerous in-row tillage options are available that can provide effective

weed control. For organic operations, this can provide better (and

usually cheaper) control than organically-approved herbicides.

http://cefresno.ucdavis.edu

Email: kjhembree@ucanr.edu; Office: (559) 241-7520; Cell: (559) 392-6095

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