interactive online environments interaction. purposeful interaction in building interactive online...
Post on 26-Dec-2015
238 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
purposeful interaction
In building interactive online environments we are designing experiences to enhance users comprehension of concepts by encouraging critical and creative thinking through active participation.
Rich online environments encourage and support at least three forms of interaction:
InterpersonalCollaborationCommunication
Intrapersonal ContemplationIndependent engagement
Human/Computer SimulationsResponsive systems
types of interaction
lecture Goals
To suggest some reasons for using online interactive elements
To provide an introduction to several technical means of supporting human/machine interactivity
To understand some of the benefits and limitations of the technologies introduced
To become familiar with the basic requirements for and tradeoffs of implementing a few of these technologies
There are numerous, good reasons for implementing various forms of online interaction.
because you can is not one of them . . .
reasons for interactive content
Interactive applications can be used to present complex processes unfolding or to dynamically illustrate important relationships in multivariate phenomena.
illustrative examples
Density Lab (Macromedia Shockwave)
Thermodynamics (Java Applet)
NBC Olympics (Flash)
Working through interactive simulations, may provide experiences impossible to construct in the real world.
interactive simulations
(Macromedia Flash)
(Java Applet)
Online tools can be provided to augment cognitive processes.
cognitive tools
VasserStats
(JavaScript)
CSILE
(JavaScript/Server-Side)
Forms of assessment can be implemented via interactive online modules and exams.
online assessment
Learning to Learn
C.L.A.S.S
(Cold Fusion & DHTML)
(CGI – Perl)
System status, feedback and additional information can be provided via interactive UI elements.
UI feedback
American Trail
Yale
(Macromedia Flash)
(JavaScript)
Customized content can be provided based upon user preferences or needs.
custom content
CNN Multimedia (JavaScript – browser detection)
selecting interactive tools
Factors to considerTime
Expense
Maintenance
Technical Support
Learning curve
Flexibility
Accessibility
Technology’s fit with all participants
Technology’s ability to address the educational challenge(s)
approaches to interactivity
Client-Sideprogramming
JavaScriptDHTML
web savvy plug-insFlashAuthorwareShockwaveAcrobat
Server-SideprogrammingCGI (many languages)Java Servlets
Cold Fusion
Active Server Pages, Java Server Pages, etc.
web savvy applicationsMacromedia Generator
Test Pilot (quiz application)
client-side vs. server-side
Client-Side advantages
Does not require access to server technologies
Some forms provide direct control over the browser and HTML elements
Places processing load on client computer
disadvantagesSupport for plug-ins and scripting can vary from client to client, platform to platform
Places processing load on client computer
Server-Side
advantageseliminates client as a variable
can leverage other server-side applications
disadvantagesCannot directly manipulate HTML content on browser screens
Does not provide immediate response or feedback (needed for animation)
client/server: Java
OverviewDeveloped by Sun Microsystems
Robust Object-Oriented Programming Language
Same code can be executed on many platforms
Advantages for the WebProvides both server and client side options
Network Savvy
Browser support for Applets
Flexibility provided by programming
Java: some flavors
Java Servlets - Java programs that can provide server-side support for web interaction
Java Server Pages (JSP) – A technology for adding
java programming logic directly to web pages
Java Applets - Java programs that can be run within
web browsers
executing an Applet
Use the <applet> tag which provides the network address of the Applet class files to be downloaded
Applets download from the server as files separate from the HTML document
Browser verifies they do not violate any security restrictions
Applets are executed in the browser
Existing applets can easily be incorporated into your web pages
embedding an Applet
<applet codebase=“applet”code=“main.class” width=680 height=350>
<param name=gridx value=4>
<param name=gridy value=2>
<param name=dbfilename value=“applet/pics/imagedb1.txt”>
<param name=thumbnailprefix value=“tn”>
<param name=hiresdirectory value=“pics/”>
<param name=“scale” value=“no”>
<param name=“gridspacing” value=5>
<param name=“enablehires” value=“yes”>
</applet>
slideshow applet
Java Applet examples
Counter-Rotating Spiral Illusion
Visual Thesaurus
Harvard Medical School WBA Navigator
java: resources
Sun’s JavaSoft Site (JDKS, API Docs, etc.)http://www.javasoft.com
The Java Tutorial (online tutorial)http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/index.html
Thinking in Java (electronic book on OOP and Java by Bruce Eckel)http://www.bruceeckelcom/TIJ2/index.html
Java Accessibility Utilitieshttp://www.javasoft.com/products/jfc/jaccess-1.3/doc/
IBM’s Accessibility Centerhttp://www.-3.ibm.com/able/accessjava.html
Applets: The Java Boutiquehttp://javaboutique.internet.com/
JARShttp://jars.developer.com/jars_resources_java.html
CGI common gateway interface
Earliest method of creating dynamic, interactive web applications
CGI is a protocol, an established set of rules that govern how server-side applications communicate with web servers.
CGI acts a gateway between the web server and its users on the one side and additional server-side applications on the other.
CGI processing cycle
CGI allows users to connect with server-side programs through the web and receive feedback via HTML pages.
Perl/CGI scripts at the GSE
Steps for implementing a perl/CGI script at the GSE– Locate a script – (see Matt’s Script Archive http://worldwidemart.com/scripts/
)
– Download and unzip or untar the archived files
– Read the readMe.txt file to learn how to set the scripts parameters
– Move script files to the public_html directory on your GSE account
– Change permissions to allow scripts to be executed via ws_ftp (chmod to -rwxr-xr-x for the actual perl file (.pl or .cgi)
– Edit the necessary parameters in the script and make sure the perl file has a .cgi extension. Add this line to the top of the script: #!/usr/local/bin/perl –w
– Try it out via the web– http://gseweb.harvard.edu/~your_username/your_script.cgi
cgi/perl example
Problem-based web application that presents a case to medical students for diagnoses.
Health Sciences Database
cgi/perl: resources
Intro to Perl for CGIhttp://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/98/47/index2a.html
CGI Scripts for Fun and Profithttp://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/99/26/index4a.html?tw=programming
Matt’s Script Archivehttp://worldwidemart.com/scripts/
W3C CGI:Common Gateway Interface (Docs and Specs)http://www.w3.org/CGI/
Comprehensive Perl Archive Network http://www.cpan.org/
Perl Documentation from Perl.comhttp://www.perl.com/pub/v/documentation
server-side development technologies
ASP - Active Server Pages; .NET (Microsoft)http://www.microsoft.com
PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor (open source)http://www.php.net/
JSP - Java Server Pages (Sun Microsystems)http://www.javasoft.com
Java Servlets (Sun Microsystems)http://www.javasoft.com
Cold Fusion - rapid development tool (Allaire, Inc.)http://www.allaire.com
Lots of information to distribute online changes frequently and is gathered from multiple sources
Information needs to be organized and managed for other purposes not just for web distribution
Information needs to made available using current/common technologies
One solution:
Content providers send copy to web editors to be marked up in html. Static web pages are created that must be edited with every new change to the content.
the problem space
A better solution …
Use HTML for what it is good for - presenting electronic information – and use databases for what they are good for – managing data.
Select a technology that can bridge these two worlds – often called middleware.
We’ll consider Cold Fusion, a suite of technologies for creating database driven web sites.
the problem space
Middleware Dynamic web sites
Groupware
Network applications
AdvantagesScalable
Rapid development
Cold Fusion ComponentsCold Fusion Application Server
Cold Fusion Studio/Home Site
Cold Fusion Markup Language (CFML)
Allaire’s cold fusion
Operating SystemsUnix (Solaris)LinuxWindows NT, 2000, 98
SoftwareWeb serverCold Fusion Application SeverDatabase Program/Server (w/ODBC support)
Skill SetsHTMLCold Fusion Markup Language (CFML)SQL/Database Design
cold fusion: requirements
top related