intercultural communication for teaching & learning dr. phyllis ngai department of communication...
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Intercultural Communication for Teaching & LearningDr. Phyllis NgaiDepartment of Communication StudiesThe University of Montana-Missoula
Workshop OverviewFocus: Intercultural communication/transcultural
pragmatics (interpersonal & instructional) Cultural-general skills Foundation for on-going development3-step competence-development approach: 1. Self-discovery2. Cross-cultural comparison 3. Simulated application/Case study
Intercultural Contextconsider cultural influences
1.Encoding effectively?
2.Using culturally appropriate channels and
forms?
3.Decoding correctly?
Transcultural Pragmatics (English for Intercultural Communication)
Linguistic factors: grammar, speech acts Socio-cultural factors: cultural rules, social
norms, contexts/situations
Encode: Communicate what you intend to convey
Decode: Understand what people really mean
Cultural Dimensions: range of possibilities
Linear----------------------------------------Circular
Deductive----------------------------------Inductive
Direct-----------------------------------------Indirect
Status conscious----------------------------Egalitarian
“We” focused-----------------------------”I” focused
Linear(Northern European, European American)
-Introduction of topic (name)-Main point 1:family-Main point 2:education-Main point 3:work -Main point 4: future goal-summary of main points
Circular (African, Latin, Arab,
Asian, African American, Native American, Hispanic American, etc.)
TopicMy Name
gift
My Family
My hobbies
My goals
sister
Band
Strict teacher
Circular(African, Latin, Arab, Asian, African American, Native American, Hispanic American, etc.)
Me? My culture? My counterpart? My counterpart’s culture?Linear----------1-------------2------------3-------------4-------------5------------
Circular
Proposal A
Because most of our production is done overseas now, and uh, it’s not really certain how the government will react in to the debt situation in the United States, and since…uh…I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. So, I …um…suggest that we delay making our decision until after the New Year.
Proposal B
I suggest we delay making our decision until after the New Year. That’s because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense, and because most of our production is done overseas now, and it’s not really certain how the government will react to the debt situation in the United States.
Cross-cultural Comparison
Inductive Pattern
Delay the topic Feel the mood or
the position of the other person
Present the reasons. Save the main point
till the end.
Deductive Pattern
Get to the main point right away.
Then present the reasons one by one.
Me? My culture? My counterpart? My counterpart’s culture?
Inductive----------1-------------2------------3-------------4-------------5------------Deductive
Direct vs. Indirect Explicit/verbal. Details verbalized. Silence avoided. Reactions
oblivious. Schedule specific. Feels threatened
by ambiguous situations.
Implicit/nonverbal. Details implied. Silence meaningful. Reactions reserved Time open, flexible. Tolerate uncertainty,
ambiguity.
Me? My culture? My counterpart? My counterpart’s culture?
Direct----------1-------------2------------3-------------4-------------5------------Indirect
Are there cultural meaningsimplied in nonverbal cues?
Facial Expression
Glaze & Eye Movement
Gestures
Space &Territory
Postures BodyMovement
Touch Use of Time Conversation
RegulatorsArtifacts Physical
appearanceVocalics
Case Study: What would you have done differently?
The Proposal ProcessDirect----------U.S---------------F--------Indirect
Extremely direct culture
I have something to talk to you about my paper.
I am little bit disappointed in my grade.
But you just only look at your point of view and you didn’t recognize my point.
I spent a lot of times to do research on this paper.
I honestly ask you to reconsider my paper.
Your grading is not fair and so it must be changed.
What would USAmericans say/do?
I just came by to see if I could talk about my paper.
I think it’s in my opinion maybe the grade was a little low.
I put a lot of time and effort into it.
I would appreciate it if you would reconsider my grade.
Extremely direct culture
I have something to talk to you about my paper.
I am little bit disappointed in my grade.
But you just only look at your point of view and you didn’t recognize my point (complaint/criticism).
I spent a lot of times to do research on this paper.
I honestly ask you to reconsider my paper.
Your grading is not fair and so it must be changed (criticism/demand).
USAmerican
I just came by to see if I could talk about my paper. (explanation)
I think it’s in my opinion maybe the grade was a little low. (softened complaint)
I put a lot of time and effort into it.
I would appreciate it if you would reconsider my grade. (request)
Direct----------X---------------------------US------------------Indirect
Egalitarian vs. Status Conscious Status, age, gender
shape how one communicate.
Extensive set of rules, regulations, & rituals. (more formal)
Prefer a humble style esp. with superiors (self criticism). Authorities should not
be (openly) challenged.
Communicate in more or less the way with everyone.
Try to minimize rules and rituals
(more informal) Prefer assertiveness (self enhancement) One can disagree with
superiors. More democratic
decision making.
Me? My culture? My counterpart? My counterpart’s culture?
Egalitarian-----------1-------------2------------3-------------4-------------5------------Status
Case Study
The New ESL Teacher
Status -------S-------------------G------EgalitarianConscious
“We” --------S-------------------G------------ “I”
“We” focused vs. “I” focused
Interdependent. Relationship
paramount. Decision=what is
good for the group. Try to blend in. Prefer avoidance. Desire or even
demand consensus.
Independent. Autonomy paramount Decision=what is good
for the individual. Try to speak out. Prefer confrontation. Accept and encourage
dissent among members.
Conflict and competition are natural.
Me? My culture? My counterpart? My counterpart’s culture?
“WE”-------------1--------------2--------------3--------------4--------------5--------------”I”
Culture shapes teaching, learning, communication
Linear----------------------------------------Circular
Deductive----------------------------------Inductive
Direct-----------------------------------------Indirect
Status conscious----------------------------Egalitarian
“We” focused-----------------------------”I” focused
Transcultural Pragmatics (English for Intercultural Communication)
Socio-cultural factors: cultural rules, social norms, contexts/situations
Decode: Understand what people really meanInterpret intended meaningsInterpret innuendo
Encode: Say what you intend to sayDetermine when, how, what to sayCommunicate appropriately and effectively
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