international response to large scale humanitarian crisis

International Response to large scale humanitarian crisis.

International Response to large scale humanitarian crisis.

From an OCHA perspectiveFrom an OCHA perspective

Josef Reiterer(reiterer@un.org)

Josef Reiterer(reiterer@un.org)

ObjectivesObjectives

• Definitions/Terminology

• ‘Actors’ in Humanitarian Crisis

• Response to Natural Disasters

• Definitions/Terminology

• ‘Actors’ in Humanitarian Crisis

• Response to Natural Disasters

Increase the participants’ knowledge about international response to natural disasters and technological emergencies.

MCDU EADRCC

UNDAC

INSARAG

HOCC

Oslo Guidlines

FCSS

IASC

SRSGDO

FSO

HC/RC

ResRep

UNDMT

CAP

OCHA

Interaction and Relationship between:

PSO

PKO

“We recommend that the United Nations system urgently consider a more assertive approach to coordination in insecure settings. The time is ripe for the UN, with the strong insistence of donor governments, to stop talking about coordination and move to a system of coordination by command rather than retain the current system of coordination, by consensus or default.”

Case Study, Kosovo; Brown University USA

Civil-Military CooperationCivil-Military Cooperation

Civil-Military Cooperation is the relationship of mutual support, joint planning, and constant exchange of information required at all levels between military forces structures and humanitarian organizations and agencies operating towards the same objectives in response to humanitarian emergency.

Civil-Military Cooperation is the relationship of mutual support, joint planning, and constant exchange of information required at all levels between military forces structures and humanitarian organizations and agencies operating towards the same objectives in response to humanitarian emergency.

CivilCivil Military Military Coordination Coordination (CMCoord)(CMCoord)

Complex Humanitarian Complex Humanitarian EmergencyEmergency

War-induced and sudden catastrophes involving substantial increases in involuntary displacements and in suffering (especially as measured by famine, disease, and human rights abuse) of noncombatants accompanied by a crises, and oftentimes a collapse, of state authority.

War-induced and sudden catastrophes involving substantial increases in involuntary displacements and in suffering (especially as measured by famine, disease, and human rights abuse) of noncombatants accompanied by a crises, and oftentimes a collapse, of state authority.

Natural DisasterNatural Disaster

The occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a society (or community). An event or series of events which give rise to casualties and/or damage or loss of property, infrastructure, essential services or means of livelihood on a scale which is beyond the normal capacity of the affected communities to cope with unaided.

The occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a society (or community). An event or series of events which give rise to casualties and/or damage or loss of property, infrastructure, essential services or means of livelihood on a scale which is beyond the normal capacity of the affected communities to cope with unaided.

Intergovernmental Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)Organization (IGO)

Organization composed of member states with common perspectives and interests.

Organization composed of member states with common perspectives and interests.

Private OrganizationPrivate Organization

Organization characterized by strength, obligation, funding, implementation of work, and ...The International Committee of the Red Cross is a special private organization.

Organization characterized by strength, obligation, funding, implementation of work, and ...The International Committee of the Red Cross is a special private organization.

Donor GovernmentDonor Government

Government intervening for historical diplomatic, economic, and political reasons by funding bilaterally or through intergovernmental/private organizations prior, during, and after emergency.

Government intervening for historical diplomatic, economic, and political reasons by funding bilaterally or through intergovernmental/private organizations prior, during, and after emergency.

•Host

government and

military forces

•Insurgent

political and

military forces

•National and

local private

organizations

Donor Donor GovernmentsGovernments

Intergovernmental Intergovernmental OrganizationsOrganizations

Seven major institutional actors making up the present system

Privat Privat OrganizationsOrganizations

Outside Outside Military ForcesMilitary Forces

UN

CM

Coord

Donor Donor GovernmentsGovernments

• Mission in Geneva and New York as contact points to the UN

• MCDA - Contact persons in donor governments

• Military - Civil defence assets

• National emergency relief funds

• Mission in Geneva and New York as contact points to the UN

• MCDA - Contact persons in donor governments

• Military - Civil defence assets

• National emergency relief funds

Non Governmental Non Governmental OrganizationsOrganizations

• 1951:

832 NGOs• 1982:

9398 NGOs• 2000:

20000 NGOsoperating in more than 3 countries

• 1951:

832 NGOs• 1982:

9398 NGOs• 2000:

20000 NGOsoperating in more than 3 countries

Red Cross & Red Cross & Red Crescent Red Crescent

MovementMovement

Red Cross & Red Cross & Red Crescent Red Crescent

MovementMovement• ICRC along with the IFRC• ICRC along with the IFRC

Intergovernmental Intergovernmental OrganizationsOrganizations

• NATO• ECHO• ICDO• IOM• WEU• ……??????

• NATO• ECHO• ICDO• IOM• WEU• ……??????

IGOsIGOs NGOsNGOsRedRed

CrossCross DONORDONORMediaMedia

IGOsIGOs NGOsNGOsRedRed

CrossCross DONORDONORMediaMedia

UN OCHAUN OCHA

OCHA Mission OCHA Mission StatementStatement“ To mobilize and coordinate the collective efforts of the international community, in particular those of the UN system, to meet in a coherent and timely manner the needs of those exposed to human suffering and material destruction in disasters and emergencies. This involves reducing vulnerability, promoting solutions to root causes and facilitating the smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation and development.”

IGOsIGOs NGOsNGOsRedRedCrossCross DONORDONORMediaMedia

Disaster prone/stricken countryDisaster prone/stricken country

National Governmen

t

National Governmen

t

National Emergency Response MechanismNational Emergency Response Mechanism

IGOsIGOs NGOsNGOsRedRedCrossCross DONORDONORMediaMedia

Disaster prone/stricken countryDisaster prone/stricken country

National Governmen

t

National Governmen

t

UN OCHAUN OCHA

•Response Coordination Branch•Emergency Services Branch•Humanitarian Emergency Branch•Inter Agency Standing Committee

•Response Coordination Branch•Emergency Services Branch•Humanitarian Emergency Branch•Inter Agency Standing Committee

UN OCHAUN OCHA

IGOsIGOs NGOsNGOsRedRedCrossCross DONORDONORMediaMedia

Disaster prone/stricken countryDisaster prone/stricken country

National Governmen

t

National Governmen

t

UNDPResident

Coordinator

UNDPResident

Coordinator

UNDP office in developing countries- Head of the UNDP office:= Resident Representative UNDP= Resident Coordinator of OCHA in case of emergency= Head of the UN Disaster Management Team (UNDMT)

IGOsIGOs NGOsNGOsRedRedCrossCross DONORDONORMediaMedia

Disaster prone/stricken countryDisaster prone/stricken country

National Governmen

t

National Governmen

t

UN OCHAUN OCHA UNDPUNDP

UN Agencies• UNDMT

UN Agencies• UNDMT

IGOsIGOs NGOsNGOsRedRedCrossCross DONORDONORMediaMedia

Disaster prone/stricken countryDisaster prone/stricken country

National Governmen

t

National Governmen

t

UN OCHAUN OCHA UNDPUNDP

UN Agencies• UNDMT

UN Agencies• UNDMT

Time for questions exno. 0500dTime for questions exno. 0500d

Please answer the following question(s) as a team? Time ...

Please answer the following question(s) as a team? Time ...Question No.: 28Question No.: 28

InternationalResponse to DisastersInternationalResponse to Disasters

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

Y

Local Government

ResRep.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

Natural, environmental ortechnological disaster

Natural, environmental ortechnological disaster

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

Y

Local Government

ResRep.

DonorCountries NGOsM

EDIAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

LEMA

Local Government activates theLocal Emergency Management

Authority (LEMA)

Local Government activates theLocal Emergency Management

Authority (LEMA)

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

Y

Local Government

ResRep.

DonorCountries NGOsM

EDIAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

LEMAUNDACUNDAC

Upon request of affected countryOCHA mobilizes an UN

Disaster Assessment andCoordination Stand-by Team

(UNDAC)

Upon request of affected countryOCHA mobilizes an UN

Disaster Assessment andCoordination Stand-by Team

(UNDAC)

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

Y

Local Government

ResRep.

DonorCountries NGOsM

EDIAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

LEMA

OSOCC OSOCC

The UNDAC team may establishesone or more On-Site OperationsCoordination Centres (OSOCC)

The UNDAC team may establishesone or more On-Site OperationsCoordination Centres (OSOCC)

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YA

FF

EC

T E DC O

UN

T

Y

Local Government

ResRep.

DonorCountries NGOsM

EDIAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

LEMA

OSOCC OSOCC

SAR

Upon request of the affected countrydonor countries may mobilize

Search and Rescue Teams (SAR)

Upon request of the affected countrydonor countries may mobilize

Search and Rescue Teams (SAR)

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YA

FF

EC

T E DC O

UN

T

Y

Local Government

ResRep.

DonorCountries NGOsM

EDIAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

LEMA

OSOCC OSOCC

SAR MCDA

Upon request of affected countrydonor countries may mobilize

military and/orcivil-defence assets

Upon request of affected countrydonor countries may mobilize

military and/orcivil-defence assets

1. Monitoring Phase2. Warning Phase

3. Alert and Mobilization Phase 4. Assessment and Operation

Phase5. Demobilization Phase

6. Post Relief Phase

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YResRep.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

Warning Phase

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YResRep.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

OCHA receives a disasterwarning through media

or from any other source

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

OCHA double-checks with the UNResident Coordinator

The ResCoord. gets official information from the local Govt

Alert and Mobilization PhaseAlert and Mobilization PhaseAlert and Mobilization PhaseAlert and Mobilization Phase

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

Situation Report 1

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

Local Govt activates the LEMA,UN Resident Coordinator investigates

with local Authorities

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

Field Situation Report 1

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

Alert UNDAC, SAR, ETC.

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

Appeal for international

assistance

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

MobilizeUNDAC Team(if necessary)

MobilizeUNDAC Team(if necessary)

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

Field SitRep 2

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

Alert MCDA

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMA

Provide up to 50,000 US$ from OCHA

Emergency Cash Grant

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

Mobilization of SAR

Assessment and Operation PhaseAssessment and Operation Phase

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

The UNDAC teamestablishes an OSOCC/HOCC

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

Disaster assessment and coordination in cooperation with Res Coord.

and local Authorities

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

Channel Cash Contributions

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

UNDAC ReportUNDAC Report

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

Deliver In-kind contributionsfrom/through UNHRD in Brindisi

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

UN agencies ‘assist’ according to theirmandate coordinated by the UNDMT,lead by the UN Resident Coordinator

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

Assistance by NGOs iscoordinated with the LEMA

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

Bilateral assistance iscoordinated by the LEMA

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

The local Government or anyUN agency/organization can

request donor countries (through OCHA-Desk or MCDU)

for MCDA assistance

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

MCDA

Mobilization of MCDA

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

MCDA

International Teams arecoordinated by LEMAthrough the OSOCC

Demobilization PhaseDemobilization Phase

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YRes. Coord.

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

LEMASAR

OSOCC

MCDA

Demobilization of internationalteams is carried out in

coordination with the OSOCC(s)

Post ReliefPhasePost ReliefPhase

- Reconstruction- Rehabilitation- Mitigation

- Reconstruction- Rehabilitation- Mitigation

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YResRep

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

OCHA reports to donors on theuse of their contributions

OCHA issues a final SitRep(SitRep 5)

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

YResRep

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UN agencies/organizations assistthe country in rehabilitation according

to their mandate

LANOITA

NR

ETNI

C O MM U

NIT

YAF

F EC T E D C O U

NT

Y

Local Government

ResRep

DonorCountries

DonorCountries NGOs

NGOsM

EDIA

MED

IAUN

OCHAUNDP

UNAgencies/Organiz.

UNDMT

R

IGOs

IGOs

National Government

Red Cross

Red Cross

UNAgencies/Organiz.

GOOD LUCK !!!!GOOD LUCK !!!!