internet evolution in indonesia

Internet Evolution in Indonesia

Onno W. PurboOnno@indo.net.idEx. Civil Servant

Ex. Lecturer at ITBWorks for Indonesian People

Important Key Factor Human Community Society

NOT Technology NOT $$$

Major Achievements Bottom-up Community based

Sustainable development No backup from World Bank, IMF,

ADB, in fact, some of these institutions are piggy back on our successes ..

Overview Historical View Key Strategies in injecting a bottom-up

community based development. Internet community development Commercial ISP development Government & incumbent repressive

approaches. Technical aspects in empowering people’s

power to overrule the government ..

Historical View Focus on Social (human) Aspects

Network Topology: Jan 1993

LAN

InterNet

Universitas Indonesia

BPPTLAPAN

ITB

1200 bps2 Meteran

1200 bps UHF

1200 bpsUHF

Homebrew Radio Modem

Software & PC based 286 & e-mail only Freeware network operating

system (NOS) Downloadable from

ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/

AI3 Indonesia: 1997

AI3Indonesia IIX

WIDE

AI3 S-One /SingaREN vBNS

STARTAP

CA*net3

TransPAC

APAN

Success Factor Community based development. Human Resource Development

Culture! Shifting mind set!

Self-financing.

Human is the key factor!

Key strategies:Community Based Dev’t

Key Strategies Human factor is the most important KEY. Provide Free Education to the Society Copyleft & Copywrong movement

Free? How about the reward? God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

Society Education Process

Surfing

PublishPackaging Disseminate

Feed Back

Real Examples http://www.bogor.net/idkf Mailing lists

Genetika@yahoogroups.com Majalahneotek@yahoogroups.com Linux-admin@yahoogroups.com Indowli@yahoogroups.com

Roadshow Linux seminar, entrance fee US$3/person Free seminars at schools part of JIS.

Internet Community Development

Access Behaviour Source: Adi Nugroho

adi@internux.co.id 50% Internet Café in Makassar,

Sulawesi 20-27 January 2002.

Logged Access Sites in Makassar*.yahoo.com 6.96%*.yimg.com 6.77%*.bolehmail.com 4.69%<error> 2.98%*.plasa.com 2.52%*.astaga.com 2.02%*.17tahun.com 1.72%*.doubleclick.net 1.46%*.extrajos.com 1.40%*.msn.com 1.16%*.akamai.net 1.00%*.freebiespider.com 0.85%*.geocities.com 0.76%*.rileks.com 0.75%> 202.53.225.* 0.74%> *.chek.com 0.61%> *.detik.com 0.49%> *.adbutler.com 0.44%> *.kompas.com 0.40%> *.icq.com 0.27%> other: 2nd-level-domains 62.01%> --------------------------------------- ------> Sum 100.00%

Access Behaviour Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site.

News & online media are next. Indonesian pornograhics site is next in the row (not much).

2.98% users normally mistype the URL.

Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

Indonesian Internet Communities http://www.yahoogroups.com http://groups.yahoo.com http://groups.plasa.com

Survey done at yahoogroups.com

Historical Perspective ’90:

Indonesians@jamus.berkeley.edu ’96: Mailing-lists@itb.ac.id ’99:

Mailing-lists@yahoogroups.com

Evaluate yahoogroups.com 45.000+ indonesian mailing lists Mostly <100 subscribers Evaluate only >100 subscribers

EvaluationTotal mailinglist 49913Evaluated 30195 (60.5%)Mailing list > 100 subs

1247 (4.2%)

Mailing liststotal 1247Pornography 73 (5.9%)Social 350 (28.1%)Religion 155 (12.4%)Politics 94 (7.5%)Knowledge 257 (20.6%)Hobby 110 (8.8%)Economics 16 (1.3%)Business 192 (15.4%)

Subscriberstotal 451887Pornography 59871 (13.2%)Social 87875 (19.4%)Religion 55055 (12.2%)Politics 32124 (7.1%)Knowledge 83736 (18.5%)Hobby 48342 (10.7%)Economics 4595 (1.0%)Business 80289 (17.8%)

Messages in 2001total 1593523Pornography 42590 (2.7%)Social 371749 (23.3%)Religion 190427 (12.0%)Politics 186583 (11.7%)Knowledge 291544 (18.3%)Hobby 236023 (14.8%)Economics 13542 (0.8%)Business 261065 (16.4%)

Activeness (msg/subs/month)Pornography 0.71Social 4.23Religion 3.46Politics 5.81Knowledge 3.48Hobby 4.88Economics 2.95Business 3.25

Bandwidth (Kbps)total 1,711Pornography 704 (41.2%)Social 236 (13.8%)Religion 146 (8.5%)Politics 113 (6.6%)Knowledge 270 (15.8%)Hobby 103 (6.0%)Economics 9 (0.6%)Business 128 (7.5%)

Commercial ISP Development

Commercial ISPs APJII = Indonesian ISP Association http://www.apjii.or.id IndoNet

the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

APJII Membership 150+ Principal License Holder 80 Member APJII 40+ active in providing services 100+ cities, all provinces Common Facilities

APJII IIX APJII IDNIC

Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

Principal & Operational License

2

16

1

1913

6

17

3 1

72

71

6

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1994 1996 1998 2000

PrinsipOperasi

Subscriber Distribution

Indosat15%

Linket11%

CBN10%

RadNet7%

Centrin7%

Indonet5%

Lain245%

Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1999 2000 2001 2002

ISP

Indonesia Internet Exchange

ISP

GLOBAL INTERNETGLOBAL INTERNET

APJII – IIXAPJII – IIX(GCC TELKOM)(GCC TELKOM)

Indonesia Internet Disaster ..

Facing Stubborn Incumbent The Incumbent is paranoid on VoIP

US$30/incoming call line/month; from normally US$3/month

No E1 lines for Indosat & may ISPs No E1 lines for offices

The stubborn incumbent is stubborn Purposely no lines for ISP in several

islands.

Gov’t Emergency Task Force Sickness in Gov’t Policy Framework

No competitive safeguard ISP must uses PSTN lines; while Telco

doesn’t want to give lines to ISP … Sickness in Gov’t Tactical Framework

No creativities are allowed Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” VoIP operators Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” high-speed

Internet Wireless users. Not to mention the unofficial gov’t taxes.

Technical aspects in empowering people’s power

Current Technology Push Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps

Estimated cost US$150 / unit “Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-

5.8GHz

Build own network, no Telco!

Wireless 11Mbps PCI Card

2.4Ghz Ant.

Some grassroots movements Internet Café High Speed Wireless Internet (11-

54Mbps)

Indonesian Internet Cafes 2000+ Internet Cafes Mostly self-finance Hangout at

asosiasi-warnet@yahoogroups.com

Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.

Indonesian Wireless Internet Close to 1000 corporate users Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps)

wireless connection 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) Hangout indowli@yahoogroups.com

Fight for free frequency license

Aims for .. People’s Telecommunication

Infrastructure. No Incumbent / Telco No Government No IMF, No World Bank, No ADB