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Intramural Rehabilitation Plans
Principles Set out by the Latin American Network on Education in Prison based on the Declaration on Adult Learning (UNESCO, 1997), the World Education Forum (Dakar Framework for Action, 2000), the Millennium Development Goals and the Standard
Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (UN,1954)
Education for persons deprived of liberty as a lifelong human right, not a prison benefit.
Inclusion of persons deprived of liberty in public education policy management and education plans.
Promotion of inter-ministerial and inter-agency linkage.
The position of remand prisoners is that of a negative limbo in which they have access neither to the benefits of convicted inmates nor to programs for their education or social reintegration.
REINTEGRATION PROGRAMS
PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTS
Various Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)
Americas Region:
Central
Andean
Southern
Estimated
King’s College London
COMPARATIVE CHARTPRISON INMATES PER 100,000
INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, King’s College
London, government agencies, assorted papers)
Americas: Central Region
PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)
Selected Countries
Non Selected Countries
Americas: Andean RegionSelected Countries
PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)
Non Selected Countries
Selected CountriesNon Selected Countries
PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)
Americas: Southern Region
More than 300
200 to 300
100 to 200
Less than 100
DEMOGRAPHIC DENSITYPRISON INMATES PER
100,000 INHABITANTS
Various Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies)
MEXICO
EL SALVADOR
PANAMA
ARGENTINA
URUGUAY
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
PERU
VENEZUELA
Panama 354 Chile 276 Mexico 202 Uruguay 191 EL Salvador 180 Argentina 161 Colombia 130 Peru 130 Ecuador 89 Venezuela 73
CHILE
LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES: PRISON POPULATION BY SEX
1999-2002 2005-2008
MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN
Arg (02)(06) 44.969 95 2.402 5 41.517 95 2.172 5
Bol (01)(08) 5.840 80 1.440 20 6.835 88 947 12
Bra (02)(08) 229.772 96 10.335 4 413.334 94 27.192 6
Col (01)(08) 50.789 94 3.245 6 78.385 89 9.288 11
CRica (02)(08) 6.772 92 604 8 8.048 93 562 7
Chile (02)(08) 30.934 93 2.164 7 49.362 93 3.885 7
Ecu (02)(08) 7.048 91 682 9 14.666 90 1.582 10
ElSal (02)(05) 9.631 94 647 6 11.641 95 625 5
Gua(02)(06) 7.028 95 390 5 6.516 95 341 5
Hond (02)(08) 11.284 95 614 5 10.455 97 354 3
Mex (00)(08) 145.107 96 6.555 4 206.334 95 11.123 5
Nic (02)(08) 5.347 96 208 4 6.296 92 515 8
Pan (02)(05) 9.143 93 721 7 10.788 93 814 7
Par (99)(08) 3.881 95 207 5 5.678 95 291 5
Peru (02)(05) 25.597 93 1.896 7 31.098 93 2.380 7
DomR(99)(08) 13.645 96 543 4 15.473 97 535 3
Uru(02)(08) 5.367 95 262 5 7.170 93 535 7
Ven (99)(06) 21.969 95 1.177 5 17.811 94 1.236 6
E.Carranza, ILANUD 2006. Prepared from official data analyzed at workshops with the directors of the penitentiary system in each country.
POPULATION BY SEX IN LATIN AMERICA
1999-2002
2005-2008
Women
Men
Source: E.Carranza, ILANUD 2008 .
Prison Industry.
Collaboration Agreement on Implementation of Higher
Education Programs, Research, Dissemination of
Culture, and University Extension in Prisons of the
Federal District Corrections System.
Education Agreement between the Federal District
Department of Social Readjustment and Prevention and
the Colegio de Bachilleres.
Agreement between the Federal District Department of
Social Readjustment and Prevention and Oceánica.
MÉXICO
Source: SSP, 2008
Population enrolled in education programs
Constitution of the United Mexican States:
Article 18.-“The federal and state governments shall organize the penal system within their respective
jurisdictions on the basis of labor, vocational training, and education as a means of social
readjustment of the offender.”
Rest of the prison population
PANAMÁ
Population enrolled in education programs
Source: Corrections Department of Panama, 2008
Job Placement Programs
Project Casa 2000
Craftwork
Textiles workshop
Fork assembly workshop
Ornamental plant nursery
Printing and screen printing
Autobody workshop
Cabinet making
Metal workshop
Rest of the prison population
VENEZUELA
Bolivarian Missions
Prisons Symphony Orchestra
National Open University
INCE WorkshopsPopulation enrolled in education programs
Source: Venezuelan Prisons Observatory, 2008
Rest of the prison population
Article 272: “The State guarantees a penitentiary system such as to ensure the rehabilitation of inmates and respect for their human rights. To this end, penitentiary facilities shall have areas for work, study, sports and recreation, shall operate under the direction of professional penologists with academic credentials, and will be ruled by decentralized administration by state or municipal governments; they may be subject to privatization arrangements.”
COLOMBIA
Corrections System Education Scheme
Vocational Training Programs
Source: INPEC, 2008
ECUADOR
Constitution of Ecuador Article 208: “The purpose of the penal and prison system shall be to educate the convict and train them for employment, in order to bring about their rehabilitation and, thereby, their adequate social reintegration.”
Cabinet making
Orthopedic materials
Metalworking and lock making
Envelope making
Craftwork
Population enrolled in work programs
Source: Las cárceles en ecuador. FIDH, 2000
Rest of the prison population
PERÚ
Constitution of Peru, 1993Article 139 (21) and (22), respectively, recognize “the right of the inmate and those convicted to be suitably housed” and “the principle that the purpose of the prison system is the reeducation, rehabilitation and reintegration of the convict in society.”
Alternative Basic Education: literacy, primary and secondary education for adults or, as they are currently termed, initial, intermediate and advanced cycles.
Technical Vocational Training: specialty skills such as carpentry, shoemaking, craftwork, clothing industry, ceramics, computers, English, auto mechanics, screen printing, etc.
Regular Basic Education – Early Level: early stimulation and childcare which is provided by law for the children of women inmates up to the age of three.
Population enrolled in education programsPopulation enrolled in work programsRest of the prison population
Source: Consolidated Report on the Situation of Adult Learning and Education in Prisons. National Corrections Institute, 2008
CHILE
Source: Chilean Prisons Service, 2008
CHILE
Population enrolled in education programsPopulation enrolled in work programs
Source: Chilean Prisons Service, 2008
Elementary Education
Secondary Education
Workshops and specialties
Incorporation of Prisoners in
Inmate Rehabilitation
Public Libraries
Knowledge Acquisition and Job
Performance TechniquesRest of the prison population
ARGENTINA
National Prison Education Program
(Elementary, secondary and university)
Social Integration and Vocational
Training ProgramPopulation enrolled in education programs
“The prisons of the Nation shall be healthy and clean, for the security and
not for the punishment of the prisoners confined therein; and any measure
taken with the pretext of precaution which may torment them beyond the
demands of security, shall render liable the judge who authorizes it.
Constitution, Article 18” (Román, 2008).
Rest of the prison population
Source: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, National Program “Prison and Minority Education”. Buenos Aires 2004.Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Progress of Education, National Report on Argentina. August, 2004.
URUGUAY
Population enrolled in education programs
Science and Humanities Education
Program
Basic Education Programs
Elementary Technical Education
Professional Technical Education
“Quite apart from the huge number of agencies involved and the complete absence of concrete education policies, there are no specific budget appropriations for education. The Education Department of the National Prisons Directorate is not allocated a fixed or predetermined budget and is at the mercy of the discretion of higher authorities. (Sanguinetti, 2006)”.
Rest of the prison population
Source: Women Deprived of Liberty. Report of CLADEM-UY 2006.; Sanguinetti, J. 2006. El acceso a la educación superior en las Instituciones Penitenciarias del Uruguay y casos comparados
OVERVIEW (1)
Intramural education remains one of the most effective ways to attempt to resocialize inmates and bring about their reintegration in society.
A clear distinction should be drawn between Intramural Education and Training of persons deprived of liberty. In several countries the two concepts are presented as synonymous.
There is no adequate and generalized measurement of the effectiveness of intramural education. In some cases it is assessed as a function of the percentage of former inmates who re-offend.
There should be more and better participation of civil society organizations in the education of persons deprived of liberty, given that it is in that society where the inmate will be reintegrated after they have served their sentence.
There is no discrimination in education of persons deprived of liberty or specific literacy training or primary/secondary education completion plans
In some countries, though certain intramural education plans exist, it is society that displays symptoms of rejection of former inmates without giving consideration to their education efforts.
Principles Set out by the Latin American Network on Education in Prison based on the Declaration on Adult Learning (UNESCO, 1997), the World Education Forum
(Dakar Framework for Action, 2000), the Millennium Development Goals and the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (UN,1954)
Education for persons deprived of liberty as a lifelong human right, not a prison benefit.
Inclusion of persons deprived of liberty in public education policy management and education plans.
Promotion of inter-ministerial and inter-agency linkage.
The position of remand prisoners is that of a negative limbo in which they have access neither to the benefits of convicted inmates nor to programs for their education or social reintegration.
OVERVIEW (2)
Situacion General (3)
Problems that affect intramural education and training for persons deprived of liberty
Lack of teaching staff who specialize in inmate education.
Meager incentives and poor working conditions.
Lack of security measures to compensate for the dangers found in some prisons.
Absence of a coordinated policy that combines the efforts of different professionals, such as psychologists, lawyers, social workers and specialized teachers to ensure comprehensive treatment for inmates.
A well-organized and institutional approach on the part of government and civil society.
OVERVIEW (3)
Conditions of Education Services Available in Prisons
Adult Literacy Programs: Almost always sporadic and non-continuous.
Elementary Education Programs: Offered in a standard manner in a school environment according to Education Ministry guidelines. Neither contents nor methods are suited to adults (andragogy) or the inmate population.
Secondary and Higher Education Programs: In short supply and at many facilities access is severely restricted. Several countries have introduced Distance Education programs.
OVERVIEW (4)
Situación General (5)
Non Formal Education
Health Education Programs. Overall this area of education is in an enfeebled state. There are no reports of any specific ongoing programs to combat the spread of highly infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, TB, and the various types of hepatitis (A,B, and C).
Art education plans, including Prison Orchestras. In some cases there are festivals, prison theater, competitions and isolated activities; however, there is an almost invariable absence of ongoing programs that facilitate access for inmates.
Sport education with various sports competitions; however, infrastructure is usually dilapidated.
OVERVIEW (5)
Situación General (5)
Vocational Training
Training workshops for different jobs and trades
Work for private companies for a limited wage (in some cases)
Cooperative work proposals
OVERVIEW (6)
CONCLUSIONS
“Education for prison inmates reduces recidivism. Efforts
at social reintegration of prisoners should entail a more
intensive use of education mechanisms in correctional
facilities” Education in prisons and recidivism.
May 29, 2006. El Clarín newspaper.
SOURCES
Population Figures: Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean 2007, ECLAC.
Mexico: Secretariat for Public Security of Mexico. First Activity Report 2007.
Web site: http://www.ssp.gob.mx/portalWebApp/ShowBinary?nodeId=/BEA%20Repository/270966//archivo
El Salvador: Prisons Department. October 2006 (Figures on the Prison Population and Capacity). Web site:
http://www.ocavi.com/docs_files/file_43.pdf.
Prisons Department. November 2004 (Figures for Cases on Trial and Convictions) Web site:
http://www.gobernacion.gob.sv/eGobierno/SeccionesPrincipales/Direcciones/CentrosPenales/Estadisticas/
Panama: Ministry of the Interior and Justice. Corrections Department. Republic of Panama.
Web site: http://www.sistemapenitenciario.gob.pa/poblacion.htm
Ecuador: FLACSO Ecuador. Ciudad Segura. January 2006
Venezuela: Venezuelan Prisons Observatory (OVP). Report 2007: Situation of Human Rights and Procedural Guarantees of Persons Deprived of
Liberty in Venezuela.
Colombia: National Corrections Institute (INPEC). Planning Office. July 2007
Peru: National Human Rights Coordinator, 2006.
Chile: Government of Chile. Ministry of Justice. Chilean Prisons Service. September 2007
Web site: http://www.gendarmeria.cl/estadisticas/main-estadis.htmUruguay: Women Deprived of Liberty. Report of CLADEM-UY 2006.; Sanguinetti, J. 2006. El acceso a la educación superior en las Instituciones
Penitenciarias del Uruguay y casos comparadosWeb site: http://www.cladem.org/espanol/nacionales/uruguay/UY-informeprivadaslibertad.aspArgentina: Román, A. Pensar Internet como elemento de reinserción en los penales argentinos. April 2008.Unidos por la Justicia. 2004 Statistics. Web site: http://www.unidosjusticia.org.ar/estadisticas/indicadores_sist_jud.htm
CE00376E
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