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21/05/2016
1
SPACE
INTRO QUIZ• 1. How many planets are there in the solar
system?
• 2. When was the first human sent into space?
• 3. When was the International Space Station
completed?
• 4. What is the biggest planet in the solar system
called?
• 5. What is the name of the galaxy that the solar
system is a part of?
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QUIZ 1
• 1. How many planets are there in the solar system?
• 2. What is the main difference between a planet
and a dwarf planet?
• 3. Name two dwarf planets.
• 4. The inner planets are also called the
t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ planets.
• 5. The inner planets are made of metal and _____.
QUIZ 2• 1. How many planets are there in the solar system?
• 2. What is the main difference between the inner
and the outer planets of the solar system?
• 3. Name the two largest gas giants.
• 4. The inner planets are also called the
t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ planets.
• 5. True/False: A comet is a rocky object found
between Mars and Jupiter in the solar system.
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QUIZ 3• 1. What are the outer planets also known as?
• 2. What is the common structure of the outer
planets?
• 3. Why do the outer planets have so many moons?
• 4. What is the hottest planet in the solar system?
• 5. The millions of rocky objects between Mars and
Jupiter are called ______________.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• A collection of eight planets and their
moons in orbit around the sun.
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OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• Sun:
• Largest object in the solar
system.
• Gravitational forces cause
planets and other objects to
move around, or orbit, the Sun.
OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• Planets:
• Spherical
• Orbits the Sun
• Mass is much larger than the
mass of other objects nearby
• Eight planets in the Solar
System
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OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• Dwarf planets:
• Spherical
• Orbits the Sun
• Mass is not much larger than the
mass of other objects nearby
OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• Asteroids
• Small, rocky objects in the
Asteroid Belt between Mars and
Jupiter.
http://www.freeasteroids.org/
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OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• Comets
• Icy object which heats up when
passing close to the Sun.
DISTANCES• Astronomical Unit:
• The average distance from the Earth to the Sun
(~150 million km) = 1 AU.Planet Average Distance to Sun (km) Average Distance to Sun (AU)
Mercury 57,910,000 0.39
Venus 108,210,000 0.72
Earth 149,600,000 1.00
Mars 227,920,000 1.52
Jupiter 778,570,000 5.20
Saturn 1,433,530,000 9.58
Uranus 2,872,460,000 19.20
Neptune 4,495,060,000 30.05
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INNER PLANETS
• Also called Terrestrial planets:
• Four planets closest to the Sun
• Made of rock, metal.
• Have solid outer layers
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Planet Mass
(kg)
Diameter
(km)
Period
of
rotation
Period of
revolution
Atmosphere Structure
Diagram
Mercury
Venus
Earth 5.97 x
1024
Mars
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OUTER PLANETS• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
• Also called the gas giants because they are
made of hydrogen and helium, which are
usually gases on Earth.
• Strong gravitational forces (large mass)
• Thick gas and liquid layer covering a small,
solid core.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM• When we see the light of stars, we are seeing the
radiation coming from them.
• This is called electromagnetic radiation.
• There are lots of types of electromagnetic radiation.
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STARS• A star is a giant ball of gas.
• Because it is so massive, there is a huge
amount of gravity force on the gas
particles.
• Nuclear fusion occurs, creating a lot of
radiation (of heat and light).
• Nuclear fusion is when the nuclei of two
different atoms fuse, or combine, to form one
new nucleus.
PARTS OF A STAR
• Core:
Innermost part.
Very dense.
• Radiative and convection zones:
Places where energy is transported
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PARTS OF A STAR
• Photosphere:
The layer of
the star that
can be seen
• Chromosphere:
The layer outside the photosphere
• Corona:
The outermost part of a star.
LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
• Nebula: Large clouds of
gas and dust, such as
hydrogen and helium.
This is where stars are
born.
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LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
• Star: The large amount of matter in a
nebula means that there is a large force
of gravity on the particles, and the
particles grow closer together to form a
star.
LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
• A massive star’s large force of gravity
makes the hydrogen and helium atoms
fuse to form larger atoms, such as
carbon and even iron inside the core.
• These are called Red Giants and Red
Supergiants.
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LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
• A massive star’s large force of gravity
makes the hydrogen and helium atoms
fuse to form larger atoms, such as
carbon and even iron inside the core.
• These are called Red Giants and Red
Supergiants.
• When a star reaches the end of its life, it can form one of four
things, depending on how big it was before it died.
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DEATH OF A STAR• White dwarf: A star that has lost a lot of mass and is
a much smaller, cooling mass.
DEATH OF A STAR• Supernova: The explosion of a very big star that
releases a lot of energy and matter.
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DEATH OF A STAR• Neutron star: A very small, very dense object made of
only neutrons after the explosion of a massive star.
DEATH OF A STAR• Black hole: An object that is so dense that the force of
gravity is so large, and no radiation such as light can
escape from its pull.
• This is a conceptual image of a black hole, not an
actual image.
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