intro to health science
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Intro to Health Science
Infection Control and Bioterrorism
Small living organism Found everywhere, including the human
body Many are normal to have
◦ Nonpathogens Some cause disease/infection
◦ Pathogens/germs
Microorganism
Some nonpathogens can become pathogens if they spread to other parts of the body◦ E. coli is in your large intestine but if it enters the
urinary system is causes infection
Microorganism
Warm environment Darkness
◦ Many are killed quickly by sunlight Source of food and moisture Need for oxygen varies
◦ Aerobic need it◦ Anaerobic do not
Factors required for growth
The human body is ideal for all of the conditions… YUCK!
Think about it…
Kill bacteria Some strains are resistant
◦ MRSA
Antibiotics
Hepatitis B◦ Transmitted by blood and body secretions◦ Affects liver◦ Vaccine available◦ Healthcare workers MUST get it for free from
employer
Viral diseases healthcare workers should be cautious of:
Hepatitis C◦ Transmitted by blood and body secretions◦ Cause serious liver damage◦ Not vaccine◦ Can remain active for several days in dried blood
Viral diseases healthcare workers should be cautious of:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)◦ Caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)◦ Suppresses immune system◦ No cure and no vaccine◦ PREVENTION IS KEY!!!
Viral diseases healthcare workers should be cautious of:
Endogenous◦ Infection/disease originates in the body
Exogenous◦ Infection/disease originates outside the body
Nosocomial◦ Acquired in a healthcare facility
Opportunistic◦ Occur when immune system is suppressed
Diseases and Infections
Levels of aseptic control Antisepsis: prevent/inhibit growth of
pathogenic organisms but not effective against spores and viruses
Disinfection: kills pathogenic organisms and some spores and viruses
Sterilization: destroys all microorganisms
Use of microorganisms as weapons to infect humans, animals, or plants◦ 1346: Tartar army threw bodies of dead plague
victims over walls of Caffa and caused an epidemic◦ 1763: British army gave Native Americans blankets
and handkerchiefs infected with smallpox◦ Germans used it in WWI◦ Japanese did experiments on POW in WWII◦ US, Canada, SU, and GB developed plans of attack in
1960’s◦ Release of sarin gas in Tokyo in 1995◦ Anthrax mail attack in US 2001
Bioterrorism
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